Control of setting behavior of calcium phosphate paste using gelatinized starch

Kawai, Takeshi; Fujisawa, Noriko; Suzuki, Ichirô; Ohtsuki, Chikara; Matsushima, Yuta; Unuma, Hidero

doi:10.2109/jcersj2.118.421

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Application of biocompatible α-hydroxylated organic acids (glycolic, lactic, malic, tartaric and citric acids) and their calcium and sodium salts for modification of both rheological and setting properties of calcium orthophosphate formulations is well described elsewhere [ 397 , 398 ]. Besides, aqueous solutions of sodium orthophosphates [ 120 , 239 , 273 , 353 , 399 , 400 , 401 ] and gelatinized starch [ 402 ] are also known as setting time accelerators. An extensive list of the compounds, which might be suitable as accelerators, retarders, additives or reactants in calcium orthophosphate cement formulations, might be found in literature [ 123 ].…”

Section: Various Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations

Dorozhkin¹

2013

JFB

151

107

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In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are bioactive and biodegradable grafting bioceramics in the form of a powder and a liquid. After mixing, both phases form pastes, which set and harden forming either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite or brushite. Since both of them are remarkably biocompartible, bioresorbable and osteoconductive, self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations appear to be promising bioceramics for bone grafting. Furthermore, such formulations possess excellent molding capabilities, easy manipulation and nearly perfect adaptation to the complex shapes of bone defects, followed by gradual bioresorption and new bone formation. In addition, reinforced formulations have been introduced, which might be described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. The discovery of self-setting properties opened up a new era in the medical application of calcium orthophosphates and many commercial trademarks have been introduced as a result. Currently such formulations are widely used as synthetic bone grafts, with several advantages, such as pourability and injectability. Moreover, their low-temperature setting reactions and intrinsic porosity allow loading by drugs, biomolecules and even cells for tissue engineering purposes. In this review, an insight into the self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations, as excellent bioceramics suitable for both dental and bone grafting applications, has been provided.

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Section: Various Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations

Dorozhkin¹

2013

JFB

151

107

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“…Application of biocompatible α-hydroxylated organic acids (glycolic, lactic, malic, tartaric and citric acids) and their calcium and sodium salts for modification of both rheological and setting properties of calcium orthophosphate cements is well described elsewhere [351,352]. Besides, aqueous solutions of sodium orthophosphates [97,211,309,[353][354][355][356] and gelatinized starch [357] are also known as setting time accelerators. An extensive list of the compounds, which might be suitable as accelerators, retarders, additives or reactants in calcium orthophosphate cement formulations, might be found in literature [99].…”

Section: Properties Improvingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

Dorozhkin¹

2012

IJMC

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In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are a bioactive and biodegradable grafting material in the form of a powder and a liquid. Both phases after mixing form a viscous paste that after being implanted sets and hardens within the body as either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) or brushite, sometimes blended with un-reacted particles and other phases. As both CDHA and brushite are remarkably biocompartible and bioresorbable (therefore, in vivo they can be replaced with a newly forming bone), self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements represent a good correction technique of non-weight-bearing bone fractures or defects and appear to be very promising materials for bone grafting applications. Besides, these cements possess an excellent osteoconductivity, molding capabilities, and easy manipulation. Nearly perfect adaptation to the tissue surfaces in bone defects and a gradual bioresorption followed by new bone formation are additional distinctive advantages of calcium orthophosphate cements. Besides, reinforced formulations are available; those are described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. Furthermore, formulations with high viscosity, such as pastes and putties are also known. The discovery of self-setting formulations has opened up a new era in the medical application of calcium orthophosphates; several commercial compositions have already been introduced as a result. Many more formulations are in experimental stages. In this review, an insight into the self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations, as excellent biomaterials suitable for both dental and bone grafting applications, has been provided.

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“…13 To improve anticollapsibility of CPC, a strategy of adding starch to CPC has been reported recently. [14][15][16] Starch is an important food source and has been processed to make all kinds of drugs and medical products owing to its attractive properties such as good biocompatibility, high stability, biodegradability, and so on. Also, starch possesses unique gelatinization property, which is a function of water content and temperature, and gelatinized starch has proper viscoelastic behavior to form robust and injectable paste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcement of injectable calcium phosphate cement by gelatinized starches

et al. 2015

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Statement of Purpose: Current injectable calcium phosphate bone cements (CPC) encounter the problems of low strength, high brittleness, and low cohesion in aqueous environment, which greatly hinder their clinical applications for loading-bearing bone substitution and minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries like percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. Because of this, many efforts have so far been made to increase CPC mechanical strengths and improve its cohesion and anti-collapsibility (also known as anti-washout property). In this study, a strategy of using food-grade, gelatinized starches to reinforce injectable CPC was proposed. The effects of various starch gels on CPC properties, including injectability, anti-collapsibility, compressive strength and modulus, strain energy density and cytotoxicity, were investigated. Methods: Four types of starches, corn starch, crosslinked starch, cationic starch, and Ca-modified starch were studied. Corn starch, cross-linked starch, cationic starch were purchased and Ca-modified starch gel was prepared by treating the pristine waxy starch with calcium salts like CaCl 2 and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 in the water at the temperature more than 60 o C. Formulation of CPC powder in this study contained 70 wt.% β-tricalcium phosphate, 20 wt.% tetracalcium phosphate and 10 wt.% dicalcium phosphate dehydrate [1]. For preparing starchmodified CPC samples, dry CPC powder was mixed with different types of starch at two contents of 3 wt.% or 10 wt.%. The mixture of dry powders was added to deionized water at liquid-to-solid ratios of 0.75 and 1.05 for the starch contents of 3 wt.% or 10 wt.%, respectively. The starch suspension was then mechanically stirred and gelatinized at 80 o C to form a uniform paste. The CPC/starch pastes were cooled down to room temperature and then injected through a 1 mL syringe with an outlet diameter of 4.8 mm, forming cylindrical paste bars for further testing.Mechanical properties of the starch-modified CPCs were characterized by compression, soaking, and shaking tests. Hardened cement samples were cut into bars of 4.2 mm in diameter and 8.4 mm in length and then dried at 37 o C in air for 2 days. Compression tests were performed on a uniaxial mechanical tester operating at crosshead speed of 1mm/min. For evaluating anti-collapsibility, the cement paste was injected into deionized water directly and soaked in the water for 7 days and then moved to an orbital shaker for shaking tests at the speed of 50 rpm for 1 day and then at 100 rpm for another day.Microstructures of the starch-modified CPCs were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity of the starch-modified CPC was evaluated by measuring proliferation of osteoblasts in the mixture of cement leaching solution and standard cell culture medium.Results: All the four types of starches studied here resulted in the reinforcements of CPC to different extents, including increased compressive strengths and moduli (Figure 1). Specifically, adding 10 wt.% corn starch and 3 wt.% Ca-modified starch leade...

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Control of setting behavior of calcium phosphate paste using gelatinized starch

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

Reinforcement of injectable calcium phosphate cement by gelatinized starches

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