Control of San Jose Scale, Terrapin Scale, and European Red Mite on Dormant Fruit Trees with Soybean Oil

Pless, C. D.; Deyton, D.E.; Sams, Carl E.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.30.1.94

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the case of P ulmi this was not surprising. In bioassays, petroleum oil was very toxic to eggs of P ulmi : mortalities of 100% were obtained when eggs on peach twigs were dipped for 1 s in 5% petroleum oil 41. Summer applications of highly refined petroleum oil were found to be toxic to larvae as well as eggs of P ulmi 42.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An index for selective toxicity of miticides to phytophagous mites and their predators based on orchard trials

Hardman

Franklin

Moreau

et al. 2003

Pest Management Science

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Data from nine trials conducted from 1990 to 1998 in apple orchards in Nova Scotia and Quebec, Canada, were used to estimate the predator-prey selectivity of miticides and their potential compatibility with biological control of mites. The European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) was the dominant and more harmful phytophagous species, followed by the apple rust mite, Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa). Two predacious mites, the phytoseiid, Typhlodromus pyri Sheuten, and the stigmaeid, Zetzellia mali (Ewing), were often found in the orchards. We used one minus the ratio of mite-days in treated plots to those in the control plots as an index of population suppression and toxicity of the miticides. Miticides were then categorized into classes similar to those employed by the International Organization for Biological Control to rate pesticide toxicity to natural enemies of insect and mite pests. Selectivity of miticides was mostly based on toxicity to P ulmi, the major pest, versus toxicity to T pyri, the major predator, with some consideration of the two lesser species, A schlechtendali and Z mali. In most cases, our findings were in accord with other studies. Abamectin and clofentezine had favourable selectivity (more toxic to the two phytophagous mites than to T pyri). The higher recommended rate of pyridaben (450 g ha(-1)) and two rates of spirodiclofen (180 and 240 g ha(-1)) were neutral (equally toxic to pests and predators). The lower rate of pyridaben (216 g ha(-1)), dicofol, formetanate hydrochloride and propargite were unfavourably selective (more toxic to T pyri). A higher than recommended rate of pyridaben (2160 g ha(-1)) applied before bloom was disruptive--P ulmi-days after treatment were actually greater than with the untreated control. P ulmi resistance to dicofol and propargite were probable complicating factors in some of the orchard trials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An index for selective toxicity of miticides to phytophagous mites and their predators based on orchard trials

Hardman

Franklin

Moreau

et al. 2003

Pest Management Science

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“…Horticultural oils have been reported as having some success controlling terrapin scale on peach trees (Simanton 1916, Pless et al 1995; however, Hubbard and Potter (2006) reported horticultural oils had no effect on calico scale, Eulecanium cerasorum (Cockerell). It is unclear whether mineral oil treatment kills coccids through suffocation or contact with exposed membrane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effect of Hemipteran Control and Liquid Bait on Argentine Ant Populations

2010

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The invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), has become a worldwide problem capable of inflicting significant ecological and economic injury on urban, agricultural, and natural environments. The mobility of this pest ant has long been noted, rapidly moving nests to new food resources and then away as resources are depleted. This ant, like many pest ant species, has a special affinity for honeydew excreted by phloem-feeding Hemiptera. We investigated the effect of various hemipteran control strategies on terrapin scale densities and measured their indirect effect on local Argentine ant densities and foraging effort. We then determined whether this indirect treatment strategy improved the performance of an ant bait. We predicted that Argentine ants would move nests away from trees treated for Hemiptera and then move nests back when a liquid bait was offered, followed by a decline in ant numbers due to intake of the toxicant. A horticultural oil spray and soil application of the systemic insecticide, imidacloprid, had no effect on terrapin scale numbers. However, trunk-injected dicrotophos caused a reduction in scale and a decline in local Argentine ant nest density and canopy foraging effort. We also recorded a reduction in local Argentine ant ground foraging when large amounts of liquid bait were applied, and we found no evidence that combining dicrotophos with liquid ant bait performed better than each treatment alone. We suggest that a strategy of combined hemipteran control plus application of liquid ant bait can reduce local Argentine ant densities, when both components of this system are highly efficacious.

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“…Some oils can be toxic to mites (Agnello and Reissig, 1994;Pless and Deyton, 1995) but vegetable shortening did not kill female tracheal mites during ~ 2 h immersion. Sachs (1958) claimed that mites in petroleum jelly and water lived > 48 h and surmised they starved to death.…”

Section: Discussion and Observationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Host-seeking behaviour of tracheal mites (Acari: Tarsonemidae) on honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Sammataro

Needham

1996

Exp Appl Acarol

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The behaviour of the endoparasitic tracheal mite, Acarap& woodi (Rennie) on honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) is a challenge to observe because of its small size. Through a microscope, we videotaped this mite's movement on young bees, dead bees and bees exposed to vegetable oil. Previous studies have shown that solid vegetable oil decreases mite infestations in a bee colony. We hypothesized that the oil alters mite behaviour to the detriment of the parasite, thus helping to safeguard the host. Habitat-seeking behaviour, identified as necessary for mites to locate a new host environment, was disrupted on both dead and oil-treated bees. Questing behaviour, which is associated with transfer between hosts, increased significantly on the dead and oily bees. The behaviours of mites were sig~2ificantly different between all three treatments (;(2=494.96, p < 0.001 on dead bees and Z =851.11, p < 0.001 on oily bees). Both questing and seeking behaviours were significantly different on each of the thoracic treatments (F2,66 = 7,88, p < 0.001 and F2,66 =21.28, p < 0.001) and mite questing behaviour was not altered between males and females on live or oily bees (F1,22 =0.25, p < 0.62), but habitat seeking was (F1,22 = 7.42, p < 0.012). The male questing and habitat-seeking behaviours were observed. We conclude that oiltreated bees gained protection from habitat-seeking mites because the normal behaviour of the mites seeking an oviposition site is interrupted.

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Control of San Jose Scale, Terrapin Scale, and European Red Mite on Dormant Fruit Trees with Soybean Oil

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

An index for selective toxicity of miticides to phytophagous mites and their predators based on orchard trials

An index for selective toxicity of miticides to phytophagous mites and their predators based on orchard trials

Combined Effect of Hemipteran Control and Liquid Bait on Argentine Ant Populations

Host-seeking behaviour of tracheal mites (Acari: Tarsonemidae) on honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

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