Control of root-knot nematodes on tomato by eliciting resistance through Aspergillus niger-derived oxalic acid

Efficacy of Aspergillus tubingensis GX3′ Fermentation against Meloidogyne enterolobii in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

“…Our findings are similar to those of Wang et al [ 45 ] and Fan et al [ 46 ], who found a clear correlation between the concentration of the fermentation and the duration of exposure time. According to the findings of previous studies, A. niger culture filtrate inhibited the rate of J2 viability and egg hatching of Meloidogyne species [ 36 , 47 ]. Moreover, more than half of M. incognita juveniles died after exposure to a 25% concentration of Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., and Trichoderma sp.…”

“…Similarly, Aspergillus species can generate hydrolytic enzymes, organic acids, and low-molecular-weight natural products that perform a variety of tasks, including P solubilization, as well as calcium and iron phosphate solubilization [ 56 , 57 ]. As a result, they have enormous potential for the creation of biofertilizers, which contribute to soil fertility and promote plant growth, both of which are critical in sustainable agriculture [ 58 ], as well as exhibit the biocontrol potential against various nematodes by producing various enzymes [ 36 , 47 ]. In the present study, we speculate that A. tubingensis ’ fermentation secretes some form of enzymes or nematicidal material that destroys eggs and J2s, halting the organism’s development and finally causing its demise.…”

“…Previous research showed that Aspergillus species can reduce the penetration of nematodes [ 34 , 42 ]. A. niger prevented the development of M. incognita in tomato [ 36 , 47 ]. A. tubingensis has the potential biocontrol or metabolites to inhibit pathogens and control diseases (Kriaa et al, 2015) and enhanced growth [ 39 ].…”

“…Several secondary metabolites were identified from several Aspergillus species, including alkaloids, butenolides, and cytochalasins, which have varied biological actions, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antimicrobial [ 35 ]. A. niger F22 generates oxalic acid (OA), which is used to prevent root-knot nematodes [ 36 ]. According to Siddiqui et al [ 37 ], six species of Aspergillus exhibited highly efficient predation and nematicidal action against M. javanica species and produced a diverse array of secondary metabolites.…”

Fungi That Promote Plant Growth in the Rhizosphere Boost Crop Growth

“…The basic procedure for the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma spp. against pathogens is as follows: identification and colonization of plant pathogenic fungal species via disruption of the pathogenic cell wall and assimilation of secreted nutrients, referred to as mycoparasitism [ 16 ], eliciting the resistance against diseases by altering the plant roots during confrontation with the phytopathogens [ 175 ], and inhibition of root-knot disease and cyst nematodes by eliminating the nematode eggs, juvenile stages, and adult nematodes.…”