Control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus infestations by the combination of subolesin vaccination and tick autocidal control after subolesin gene knockdown in ticks fed on cattle

Merino, Octávio; Almazán, Consuelo; Canales, Mario; Villar, Margarita; Moreno-Cid, Juan A.; Estrada-Peña, Agustı́n; Kocan, Katherine M.; Fuente, José de la

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.050

Cited by 62 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Some authors introduced variables (DE LA FUENTE et al, 2010), and others excluded variables (AZHAHIANAMBI et al, 2009a, b;JEYABAL et al, 2010;MERINO et al, 2011) according to their laboratorial conditions and experimental design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of the efficacy of vaccines against tick infestations on cattle

Cunha

Andreotti

Garcia

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Cattle ticks are responsible for great economic losses in cattle farming worldwide, and their main control method, chemicals, has been showing problems, whether resulting from the development of resistant strains of ticks or environmental contamination. Research studies directed toward developing vaccines against ticks are emerging. One way to evaluate those vaccines is to calculate the percentage of efficacy. The aim of this study was to analyze scientific publications archived in PubMed that used this method of assessment and discuss the main factors that may affect its calculation. Thus, 25 articles addressing this subject were selected. The percentage of efficacy was usually calculated in one of two ways, with one considering the reduced fertility of eggs and the other not. The latter method may underestimate the vaccine efficacy, and the most complete formula for calculating the efficacy reflects how much the vaccine actually affects the infestation. In our view, the use of the complete formula for calculating the percentage of efficacy is broader and more representative of the vaccine effect on the tick population.Keywords: Efficiency, ticks, vaccine, bovine. ResumoCarrapatos de bovinos são responsáveis por grandes perdas econômicas para a pecuária bovina mundial e seu principal método de controle, o químico, vem apresentando problemas, seja pelo desenvolvimento de amostras de carrapatos resistentes ou pela contaminação ambiental. Na tentativa de diminuir a utilização dos acaricidas, surgem pesquisas direcionadas ao desenvolvimento de vacinas contra carrapatos. Uma maneira de avaliar essas vacinas é pelo cálculo de percentagem de eficácia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as publicações científicas indexadas no PubMed que utilizaram este método de avaliação e discutir os principais fatores que podem interferir no seu cálculo. Dessa maneira, selecionaram-se 25 artigos que tratavam desse assunto. A percentagem de eficácia apareceu sendo calculada de duas formas, uma considerando a redução da fertilidade dos ovos e a outra não. Essa última pode subestimar a eficiência da vacina, e a fórmula de cálculo da eficácia mais completa representa o quanto da infestação a vacina realmente reduziu. Em nosso entendimento, a utilização da fórmula completa para o cálculo da percentagem de eficácia é mais abrangente e representativa do efeito da vacina na população de carrapatos.Palavras-chave: Eficiência, carrapato, vacina, bovino.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of the efficacy of vaccines against tick infestations on cattle

Cunha

Andreotti

Garcia

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…(B.) microplus [42,[45][46][47], A. americanum, I. scapularis, and D. variabilis adults [43], which produced significant effects on the eggs and larvae, and microinjection has also been accomplished in I. scapularis [48][49][50][51][52] and engorged O. moubata nymphs [53].…”

Section: Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA Interference – A Powerful Functional Analysis Tool for Studying Tick Biology and its Control

Galay¹,

Umemiya‐Shirafuji²,

MasamiMochizuki³

et al. 2016

RNA Interference

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Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) are blood-sucking arthropods globally recognized as vectors of numerous diseases. They are primarily responsible for the transmission of various pathogens, including viruses, rickettsiae, and blood parasites of animals. Ticks are second to mosquitoes in terms of disease transmission to humans. The continuous emergence of tick-borne diseases and acaricide resistance of ticks necessitates the development of new and more effective control agents and strategies; therefore, understanding of different aspects of tick biology and their interaction with pathogens is very crucial in developing effective control strategies. RNA interference (RNAi) has been widely used in the area of tick research as a versatile reverse genetic tool to elucidate the functions of various tick proteins. During the past decade, numerous studies on ticks utilized RNAi to evaluate potentially key tick proteins involved in blood feeding, reproduction, evasion of host immune response, interaction with pathogens, and pathogen transmission that may be targeted for tick and pathogen control. This chapter reviewed the application of RNAi in tick research over the past decade, focusing on the impact of this technique in the advancement of knowledge on tick and pathogen biology.

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“…In fact, the 900 tick species that have been documented are distributed by several geographic areas and animals are, therefore exposed to different tick stocks 40,41 . Several approaches have been made, like double vaccination with different activeprinciples and/or several doses along the time 42,43 , and it became clear that for every region and tick species, should be formulated a different immunization procedure. Nonetheless, this approach is highly expensive and technically challenging 9,31 .…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their results demonstrated that R. microplus infestations where successfully controlled by combining vaccination and release of transgenic ticks, which suggests that the combination of methods increases the effi cacy of cattle tick control, at least under some circumstances. Further studies are being developed concerning cattle vaccination in different regions of the world, to determine whether the promising results obtained in Mexico can be reproduced elsewhere 8,9,42 . 51,52 .…”

Section: Pipano Et Al Tested the Effi Cacy Of A Bm86 Vaccine In Protmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this, the use of long dsRNAs as gene knockdown treatments in ticks has been accepted as a routine method for validation/support of tick gene function 42,54,55 . Some of the R. annulatus genes discovered in this study such as serum amyloid A, calreticulin and TROSPA could contribute to the development of novel vaccines designed to reduce tick infestations and prevent or minimize pathogen infection in ticks and transmission to vertebrate hosts 49 .…”

Section: Pipano Et Al Tested the Effi Cacy Of A Bm86 Vaccine In Protmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Approaches towards tick and tick-borne diseases control

Domingos

Antunes

Borges

et al. 2013

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites of wild and domestic animals as well as humans, considered to be second worldwide to mosquitoes as vectors of human diseases. Tick-borne diseases are responsible worldwide for great economic losses in terms of mortality and morbidity of livestock animals. This review concerns to the different tick and tick-parasites control methods having a major focus on vaccines. Control of tick infestations has been mainly based on the use of acaricides, a control measure with serious drawbacks, as responsible for the contamination of milk and meat products, as a selective factor for acaricideresistant ticks and as an environmental contaminant. Research on alternatives to the use of acaricides is strongly represented by tick vaccines considered a more cost-effective and environmentally safe strategy. Vaccines based on the Bm86 tick antigen were used in the fi rst commercially available cattle tick vaccines and showed good results in reducing tick numbers, affecting weight and reproductive performance of female ticks which resulted in reduction of cattle tick populations over time and consequently lower reduction of the pathogen agents they carry.

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Control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus infestations by the combination of subolesin vaccination and tick autocidal control after subolesin gene knockdown in ticks fed on cattle

Cited by 62 publications

References 39 publications

Calculation of the efficacy of vaccines against tick infestations on cattle

Calculation of the efficacy of vaccines against tick infestations on cattle

RNA Interference – A Powerful Functional Analysis Tool for Studying Tick Biology and its Control

Approaches towards tick and tick-borne diseases control

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