Control of residual oxygen of the process atmosphere during laser-powder bed fusion processing of Ti-6Al-4V

Pauzon, Camille Nicole Géraldine; Dietrich, Kai; Forêt, Pierre; Goff, Sophie Dubiez-Le; Hryha, Eduard; Witt, Gerd

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2020.101765

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This is noteworthy as keyhole defects have proven difficult to detect via optical means. The build chamber atmospheric gas composition has also been monitored by Pauzon et al [10]. Whilst this approach is not suitable for individual defect detection, the authors were able to monitor the increase in oxygen content throughout a build and presented an external gas control system to minimize oxygen content further.…”

Section: Non-optical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating Alloy Development for Laser Powder Bed Fusion through In-situ Process Monitoring

J.Williams¹,

Sing²

2022

Asian Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology (ASPEN 2022)

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Section: Non-optical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating Alloy Development for Laser Powder Bed Fusion through In-situ Process Monitoring

J.Williams¹,

Sing²

2022

Asian Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology (ASPEN 2022)

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“…Since the oxygen content of the recycled powder is higher, it is assumed that the built tensile test samples also contain a higher amount of oxygen. Oxygen is known not only to increase the UTS but also to cause embrittlement [59]. This is due to the impediment of dislocation movement by the oxygen atoms in the metal crystal lattice [60].…”

Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual oxygen content and powder recycling: effects on microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V parts

Emminghaus

Bernhard

Hermsdorf

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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The laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) offers a variety of advantages over conventional processing techniques and the possibility to recycle and reuse powder increases its sustainability. However, the process and resulting part properties are influenced by a variety of factors including powder recycling grade and residual oxygen content of the process atmosphere. Especially in terms of reactive materials like Ti-6Al-4V, oxidation during processing and recycling determines process stability and reproducibility. This work therefore focusses on the influence of the conventionally varied processing parameters as well as atmosphere residual oxygen content process and powder recycling on the microstructure and mechanical properties. For this purpose, the design of experiments approach is used and by evaluation of regression models, effect sizes and interactions are given. Additionally, two different etching techniques were employed to reveal different aspects of the microstructure. While no significant influence of powder recycling and residual oxygen on the microstructure could be observed, they both significantly influence the mechanical properties. A maximum hardness of 470 HV0.1, a maximum ultimate tensile strength of 1252.3 MPa, and a maximum elongation at break of 17.8 % were obtained. The results demonstrate the importance of the processing atmosphere’s residual oxygen content and of taking into account the changing powder characteristics during recycling as well as its effect on the part properties.

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“…For Ag, improved powder morphology with reduced satellite particles could improve powder packing density and further parameter optimization improve fusion 63 . For Cu an improvement in packing density and build chamber constraints such as different inert gas mixtures and oxygen and contamination reduction could be suitable to reduce gas entrapment porosity 64,65 . The high melt pool temperature as a result of the intense energy density required for highly reflective materials such as Ag and Cu may have also aided pore defects.…”

Section: Pore Morphology and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and thermal performance of additively manufactured copper, silver and copper–silver alloys

Robinson

Arjunan

Baroutaji

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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On-demand additive manufacturing (three-dimensional printing) offers great potential for the development of functional materials for the next generation of energy-efficient devices. In particular, novel materials suitable for efficient dissipation of localised heat fluxes and non-uniform thermal loads with superior mechanical performance are critical for the accelerated development of future automotive, aerospace and renewable energy technologies. In this regard, this study reports the laser powder bed fusion processing of high purity (>99%) copper (Cu), silver (Ag) and novel copper–silver (CuAg) alloys ready for on-demand additive manufacturing. The processed materials were experimentally analysed for their relative density, mechanical and thermal performance using X-ray computed tomography, destructive tensile testing and laser flash apparatus, respectively. It was found that while Ag featured higher failure strains, Cu in comparison showed a 109%, 17% and 59% improvement in yield strength ([Formula: see text]), Young’s modulus ( E) and ultimate tensile strength, respectively. As such the [Formula: see text], E and ultimate tensile strength for laser powder bed fusion Cu is comparable to commercially available laser powder bed fusion Cu materials. CuAg alloys, however, significantly outperformed Ag, Cu and all commercial Cu materials when it came to mechanical performance offering significantly superior performance. The [Formula: see text], E and ultimate tensile strength for the novel CuAg composition were 105%, 33% and 94% higher in comparison to Cu. Although slightly different, the trend continued with a 106% and 91% rise for [Formula: see text] and ultimate tensile strength, respectively, for CuAg in comparison to industry-standard Cu. Unfortunately, E values for industry-standard Cu alloys were not available. When it came to thermal performance, laser powder bed fusion Ag was found to offer a 70% higher thermal diffusivity in comparison to Cu despite the variation in density and porosity. CuAg alloys however only showed a 0.8% variation in thermal performance despite a 10–30% increase in Ag. Overall, the study presents a new understanding regarding the three-dimensional printing and performance of Cu, Ag and CuAg alloys.

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Control of residual oxygen of the process atmosphere during laser-powder bed fusion processing of Ti-6Al-4V

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Accelerating Alloy Development for Laser Powder Bed Fusion through In-situ Process Monitoring

Accelerating Alloy Development for Laser Powder Bed Fusion through In-situ Process Monitoring

Residual oxygen content and powder recycling: effects on microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V parts

Mechanical and thermal performance of additively manufactured copper, silver and copper–silver alloys

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