Control of Purposive Saccadic Eye Movements and Visual Fixation in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Munoz, Douglas P.; Hampton, Karen A.; Moore, Kim; Goldring, Jenny E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3054-8_58

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In some studies of ADHD children evaluated on or off treatment improvement in antisaccade error rates while on methylphenidate have been reported (Klein, Fischer, Fischer, & Hartnegg, 2002; O'Driscoll et al, 2005). Although two studies reported no difference on and off medication, these studies did not clarify whether practice effects may have confounded the results (Aman, Roberts, & Pennington, 1998; Munoz, Hampton, Moore, & Goldring, 1999) and a group comparison of medicated and unmedicated ADHD children did not reveal any differences on antisaccade or memory guided saccades (Mostofsky, Lasker, Cutting, Denckla, & Zee, 2001). No change in smooth pursuit was reported among patients evaluated on or off methylphenidate nor did these patients differ from healthy individuals under either time point (Bylsma & Pivik, 1989).…”

Section: Investigations Of Pharmacologic Effects On Eye Movements mentioning

confidence: 93%

Pharmacological treatment effects on eye movement control

Reilly

Lencer

Bishop

et al. 2008

Brain and Cognition

205

142

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The increasing use of eye movement paradigms to assess the functional integrity of brain systems involved in sensorimotor and cognitive processing in clinical disorders requires greater attention to effects of pharmacological treatments on these systems. This is needed to better differentiate disease and medication effects in clinical samples, to learn about neurochemical systems relevant for identified disturbances, and to facilitate identification of oculomotor biomarkers of pharmacological effects. In this review, studies of pharmacologic treatment effects on eye movements in healthy individuals are summarized and the sensitivity of eye movements to a variety of pharmacological manipulations is established. Primary findings from these studies of healthy individuals involving mainly acute effects indicate that: (i) the most consistent finding across several classes of drugs, including benzodiazepines, first- and second-generation antipsychotics, anticholinergic agents, and anticonvulsant/mood stabilizing medications is a decrease in saccade and smooth pursuit velocity (or increase in saccades during pursuit); (ii) these oculomotor effects largely reflect the general sedating effects of these medications on central nervous system functioning and are often dose-dependent; (iii) in many cases changes in oculomotor functioning are more sensitive indicators of pharmacological effects than other measures; and (iv) other agents, including the antidepressant class of serotonergic reuptake inhibitors, direct serotonergic agonists, and stimulants including amphetamine and nicotine, do not appear to adversely impact oculomotor functions in healthy individuals and may well enhance aspects of saccade and pursuit performance. Pharmacological treatment effects on eye movements across several clinical disorders including schizophrenia, affective disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease are also reviewed. While greater recognition and investigation into pharmacological treatment effects in these disorders is needed, both beneficial and adverse drug effects are identified. This raises the important caveat for oculomotor studies of neuropsychiatric disorders that performance differences from healthy individuals cannot be attributed to illness effects alone. In final sections of this review, studies are presented that illustrate the utility of eye movements for use as potential biomarkers in pharmacodynamic and pharmacogenetic studies. While more systematic studies are needed, we conclude that eye movement measurements hold significant promise as tools to investigate treatment effects on cognitive and sensorimotor processes in clinical populations and that their use may be helpful in speeding the drug development pathway for drugs targeting specific neural systems and in individualizing pharmacological treatments.

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Section: Investigations Of Pharmacologic Effects On Eye Movements mentioning

confidence: 93%

Pharmacological treatment effects on eye movement control

Reilly

Lencer

Bishop

et al. 2008

Brain and Cognition

205

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, ocular motor studies have been effective in revealing inhibitory deficits in autism and in ADHD as indicated by excessive directional errors on antisaccade tasks (Goldberg et al, 2002;Minshew, Luna, & Sweeney, 1999;Mostofsky, Lasker, Cutting, Denckla, & Zee, 2001a, Mostofsky, Lasker, Singer, Denckla, & Zee, 2001bMunoz, Hampton, Moore, & Goldring, 1999) and excessive anticipatory errors on memory-guided saccade tasks (Castellanos et al, 2000;Goldberg et al, 2002;Minshew et al, 1999;Mostofsky et al, 2001aMostofsky et al, , 2001bRoss, Hommer, Breiger, Varley, & Radant, 1994), both of which require the ability to inhibit a reflexive eye movement toward external visual stimuli. Future comparative studies involving both nonverbal and nonhabitual verbal measures would help determine the nature of the deficit in these two disorders.…”

Section: Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtle Executive Impairment in Children with Autism and Children with ADHD

Goldberg

Mostofsky

Cutting

et al. 2005

J Autism Dev Disord

267

219

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“…Notwithstanding research on the eye movement abnormalities among children with ADHD, relatively little research has focused on interventions to improve their eye gazing abilities. Some studies have found that pharmacological interventions, such as methylphenidate administration, improved both the pro- and anti-saccades of children with ADHD [ 10 , 11 ]. However, medication may cause side effects such as insomnia, decreased appetite, and headaches [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computerized Eye-Tracking Training Improves the Saccadic Eye Movements of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2020

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Abnormal saccadic eye movements, such as longer anti-saccade latency and lower pro-saccade accuracy, are common in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of computerized eye-tracking training on improving saccadic eye movements in children with ADHD. Eighteen children with ADHD (mean age = 8.8 years, 10 males) were recruited and assigned to either the experimental (n = 9) or control group (n = 9). The experimental group underwent an accumulated 240 min of eye-tracking training within two weeks, whereas the control group engaged in web game playing for the same amount of time. Saccadic performances were assessed using the anti- and pro-saccade tasks before and after training. Compared to the baseline, only the children who underwent the eye-tracking training showed significant improvements in saccade latency and accuracy in the anti- and pro-saccade tasks, respectively. In contrast, the control group exhibited no significant changes. These preliminary findings support the use of eye-tracking training as a safe non-pharmacological intervention for improving the saccadic eye movements of children with ADHD.

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Control of Purposive Saccadic Eye Movements and Visual Fixation in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Pharmacological treatment effects on eye movement control

Pharmacological treatment effects on eye movement control

Subtle Executive Impairment in Children with Autism and Children with ADHD

Computerized Eye-Tracking Training Improves the Saccadic Eye Movements of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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