Control of plastid division by means of nuclear DNA amount

Butterfaß, Th.

doi:10.1007/bf01280696

Cited by 80 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The present evidence of a clear distinction be tween the mean plastid number per pair of stomatal guard cells in the lower epidermis of leaves of diploid, triploid and tetraploid genotypes suggests that this characteristics can reliably be used in C. speciosus to determine the ploidy status of a large number of plants in the shortest practica ble time. Similar differences in the number of chloroplasts have been recorded in many other plant species (Butterfass 1973, Nicholson 1981.…”

Section: Observationssupporting

confidence: 56%

Ploidy status and diosgenin content in Costus speciosus (Koen.) Sm.

Tyagi

Gupta

1987

CYTOLOGIA

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Section: Observationssupporting

confidence: 56%

Ploidy status and diosgenin content in Costus speciosus (Koen.) Sm.

Tyagi

Gupta

1987

CYTOLOGIA

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“…It is not obvious why the amount of chloroplast DNA seems to increase with the size of the nuclear genome. Although it has been shown that there is a correlation between nuclear DNA ploidy and the number of chloroplasts per guard cell (7) there is no evidence that the amount of DNA per chloroplast remains constant as the chloroplast number increases.…”

Section: Percentage Of Chloroplast Dna In Other Speciesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Chloroplast DNA Sequence Homologies among Vascular Plants

Lamppa¹,

Bendich²

1979

Plant Physiol.

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The extent of sequence conservation in the chloroplast genome of higher plants has been investigated. Supercoiled chloroplast DNA, prepared from pea seedlings, was labeled in vitro and used as a probe in reassociation experiments with a high concentration of total DNAs extracted from several angiosperms, gymnosperms, and lower vascular plants. In each case the probe reassociation was accelerated, demonstrating that some chloroplast sequences have been highly conserved throughout the evolution of vascular plants. Only among the flowering plants were distinct levels of cross-reaction with the pea chloroplast probe evident; broad bean and barley exhibited the highest and lowest levels, respectively. With the hydroxylapatite assay these levels decreased with a decrease in probe fragment length (from 1,860 to 735 bases), indicating that many conserved sequences in the chloroplast genome are separated by divergent sequences on a rather fine scale. Despite differences observed in levels of homology with the hydroxylapatite assay, SI nuclease analysis of heteroduplexes showed that outside of the pea family the extent of sequence relatedness between the probe and various heterologous DNAs is approximately the same: 30%. In our interpretation, the fundamental changes in the chloroplast genome during angiosperm evolution involved the rearrangement of this 30% with respect to the more rapidly changing sequences of the genome. These rearrangements may have been more extensive in dicotyledons than in monocotyledons. We have estimated the amount of conserved and divergent DNA interspersed between one another.From the reassociation experiments, determinations were made of the percentage of chloroplast DNA in total DNA extracts from different higher plants; this value remained relatively constant when compared with the large variation in the diploid genome size of the plants.Analysis by restriction endonucleases has shown differences in the fine structure of the chloroplast genome in a variety of higher plants (1). However, restriction enzyme maps can be altered by a single nucleotide substitution (29)

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“…DISCUSSION For this study it was necessary to establish a system wherein chloroplast number could be accurately determined. Tissue complexity (4,8), a variation in the timing of cell and organelle division events (7,25), combined with the need for sophisticated fixation and/or microscopic techniques (19,35), often make plastid complement analysis extremely difficult in many plant systems. 0. luteus provides an excellent experimental organism wherein a uniform population of cells may be analyzed at a time in synchronous growth where neither cell division nor chloroplast replication takes place.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported (12,27) that the total amount of chloroplast DNA/cell may shift in response to conditions of cellular maintenance of differentiation. Although a positive correlation has been postulated (8) to exist in higher plant systems between an increase in chloroplast number and a maintenance of nuclear DNA synthesis, little is known of the relationship between plastid number and organelle DNA levels. Feedback loops must exist between the nuclear and organelle genome and the macromolecular communication effected by these loops is, no doubt, of primary importance both in the regulation of organelle development and in the determination of cellular replication.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Plastid Number

Cattolico¹

1978

Plant Physiol.

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Changes in the physiological state of the multiplastidic alga OHstbodiscus luteus result in a shift in chloroplast complement from 33 to 21 plastids. The effect of this induced change in organelle complement on nuclear and chloroplast DNA levels has been analyzed. Data suggest that the absolute amount of chloroplast and nuclear DNA found within a cell remains constant but that the amount of chloroplast DNA per plastid is inversely proportional to the number of chloroplasts to which that DNA must be distributed.Eukaryotic cell function is dependent upon a highly refined metabolic coordination between the nucleus and other compartmentalized cellular structures. Of the many organelles present within the cell, chloroplasts probably rank highest in biochemical and structural complexity (6). Light availability (25,30), light quality (23), temperature (25), the presence of plant hormones and specific carbon compounds (4) or the entrance of the organism into a specific differentiation sequence (7) may induce a cell to vary its chloroplast complement significantly. It has been known for some time (1) that nuclear gene products are necessary for organelle maintenance. Recent data (13, 26) obtained by investigators attempting to describe the specific coding function of chloroplast DNA indicate that the per cent chloroplast genome transcribed may change during different phases of cell growth and development. It has been reported (12, 27) that the total amount of chloroplast DNA/cell may shift in response to conditions of cellular maintenance of differentiation. Although a positive correlation has been postulated (8) to exist in higher plant systems between an increase in chloroplast number and a maintenance of nuclear DNA synthesis, little is known of the relationship between plastid number and organelle DNA levels. Feedback loops must exist between the nuclear and organelle genome and the macromolecular communication effected by these loops is, no doubt, of primary importance both in the regulation of organelle development and in the determination of cellular replication.Measurement of the relationship between plastid number, chloroplast DNA complement, and nuclear DNA content should provide background data of critical importance to studies concerned with the elucidation of the macromolecular interaction of genome and plastome in organelle biogenesis.The unicellular alga Olisthodiscus luteus (9) was chosen as the test system for these studies. This organism contains many small plastids which replicate at a defined period of the synchronous cell cycle (9) and plastid

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Control of plastid division by means of nuclear DNA amount

Cited by 80 publications

References 65 publications

Ploidy status and diosgenin content in Costus speciosus (Koen.) Sm.

Ploidy status and diosgenin content in Costus speciosus (Koen.) Sm.

Chloroplast DNA Sequence Homologies among Vascular Plants

Variation in Plastid Number

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