Control of photorefractive space-charge field and its deflection application in Mn-doped KTa_1−x Nb _x O₃ crystal

Abstract

The photorefractive effect is an effective way of achieving control of a beam by inducing a space-charge field and controlling the distribution of the refractive index. Herein, the one-dimensional gradient distribution of a space-charge field is structured, and the deflection of the transmitted beam is achieved. The method of regulation and control of the space-charge field was studied by digital holographic microscopy based on a Mn-doped KTN single crystal. The realized deflector has a maximum deflection angle of 0.3° and maintains good frequency-response characteristics up to 50 kHz. This work provides guidance for optical functional devices based on engineering distribution of a space-charge field.

Reporting Excellent Transverse Piezoelectric and Electro‐Optic Effects in Transparent Rhombohedral PMN‐PT Single Crystal by Engineered Domains

“…The modulation signal and phase delay were measured using a lock-in amplifier (SRS SR830). [50,51] However, notably, the interference pattern is very susceptible to the environment, although various methods have been used to reduce disturbance. For the PMN-0.28PT crystal, the inverse piezoelectric effect can contribute approximately 300 pm V −1 to each coefficient component.…”