Control of Mycobacterium bovisinfection in two sika deer herds in Ireland

Partridge, T. J.; Toolan, D.; Egan, John; More, Simon J.

doi:10.1186/2046-0481-61-1-27

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Species that could be considered in this context are other domestic ruminants and potential bTB wildlife reservoirs, such as deer and badgers. Recent reports emphasize that there is also a need for the development of a suitable ante mortem bTB test for these species (5,24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex Immunoassay for Serological Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Cattle

Whelan

Shuralev

O’Keeffe

et al. 2008

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Efforts to develop a better diagnostic assay for bovine tuberculosis have shown that the sensitivity and specificity of an assay can be improved by the use of two or more antigens. As reported here, we developed a multiplex chemiluminescent immunoassay that can simultaneously detect antibody activity to 25 antigens in a single well in a 96-well plate array format. The chemiluminescent signal is captured with a digital imaging system and analyzed with a macro program that tracks each serum for its pattern of antibody activity for Mycobacterium bovis antigens. The comparison of sera from 522 infected and 1,489 uninfected animals showed that a sensitivity of 93.1% and a specificity of 98.4% can be achieved with a combination of antigens. The assay system is rapid and can be automated for use in a centralized laboratory.Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) continues to be a zoonotic disease affecting multiple species, including humans (3, 9, 21, 26). The disease has been difficult to control in livestock because of the lack of an effective vaccine, the presence of wildlife reservoirs, and the lack of a diagnostic assay with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to detect animals at all stages of infection. Currently, the primary methods used for the detection of TB in humans and ruminants include the measurement of a delayedtype hypersensitivity (skin test) to purified protein derivative (PPD) and an indirect in vitro assay that measures the concentration of gamma interferon (IFN-␥) produced in response to stimulation with PPD (22,30,31). Although the methods have proven useful in controlling bTB, they lack sensitivity and specificity because of a cross-reactive immune response to Tand B-cell epitopes conserved on orthologous molecules present in nonpathogenic mycobacteria and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (reviewed in references 8, 23, and 27). To obviate this problem, an extensive effort has been under way to identify and characterize antigens unique to Mycobacterium bovis that could be used in a diagnostic assay. To date, studies have shown that the antibody response to M. bovis is not uniform, with no evidence of a dominant persistent response to a single antigen (reviewed in references 4, 7, and 8) at any stage of infection (2,19). This finding has suggested that some type of a multiplex assay is needed to detect animals at different stages of infection (1, 2). However, the necessity of using multiple antigens in an assay has introduced another challenge. The evaluation of the standard type of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has shown that sensitivity and specificity are reduced when multiple antigens are combined for analysis in a single well, thus limiting the way a conventional ELISA can be used (20). To address this problem, we developed a multiplex assay that can simultaneously detect and analyze the response to multiple antigens spotted in a single well in a 96-well plate array format. We demonstrate the enhanced diagnostic power of a multiplex antigen approach over that of the industry-stand...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex Immunoassay for Serological Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Cattle

Whelan

Shuralev

O’Keeffe

et al. 2008

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Across Europe, deer species such as red deer and fallow deer are known to act as sources of infection for cattle in localized areas of high density, or as part of a multi-host wildlife reservoir [17,18,26,27]. In Ireland, bTB outbreaks in Irish farmed deer have also been documented [28]. One bTB 'hot-spot' in Ireland is County Wicklow, where high densities of deer have been implicated in the local spread and persistence of M. bovis infection in cattle [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium bovis genomics reveals transmission of infection between cattle and deer in Ireland

Crispell

Cassidy

Kenny³

et al. 2020

Microbial Genomics

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Control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis , in the Republic of Ireland costs €84 million each year. Badgers are recognized as being a wildlife source for M. bovis infection of cattle. Deer are thought to act as spillover hosts for infection; however, population density is recognized as an important driver in shifting their epidemiological role, and deer populations across the country have been increasing in density and range. County Wicklow represents one specific area in the Republic of Ireland with a high density of deer that has had consistently high bTB prevalence for over a decade, despite control operations in both cattle and badgers. Our research used whole-genome sequencing of M. bovis sourced from infected cattle, deer and badgers in County Wicklow to evaluate whether the epidemiological role of deer could have shifted from spillover host to source. Our analyses reveal that cattle and deer share highly similar M. bovis strains, suggesting that transmission between these species is occurring in the area. In addition, the high level of diversity observed in the sampled deer population suggests deer may be acting as a source of infection for local cattle populations. These findings have important implications for the control and ultimate eradication of bTB in Ireland.

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“…In Europe, MTbC infection has been reported in red deer and fallow deer (Dama dama) and less frequently in roe deer (Capreolus capreo-Correspondence to: C. Gortazar (e-mail: christian.gortazar@uclm.es). lus) and other exotic deer species (Delahay et al, 2007;Partridge et al, 2008;Balseiro et al, 2009). Hence, deer may have an important role in the epidemiology of bTB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Lesions in Red and Fallow Deer Naturally Infected with Mycobacterium bovis

Martín-Hernando

Torres

Aznar

et al. 2010

Journal of Comparative Pathology

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Control of Mycobacterium bovisinfection in two sika deer herds in Ireland

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Multiplex Immunoassay for Serological Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Cattle

Multiplex Immunoassay for Serological Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Cattle

Mycobacterium bovis genomics reveals transmission of infection between cattle and deer in Ireland

Distribution of Lesions in Red and Fallow Deer Naturally Infected with Mycobacterium bovis

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