Control of morphology and electrical properties of self-organized graphenes in a plasma

Seo, Donghan; Kumar, Shailesh; Ostrikov, Kostya Ken

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.06.004

Cited by 116 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…[ 16 , 17 ] During the growth, a gas mixture of Ar and H 2 was fed into the chamber at a constant pressure of 2.5 Pa and RF power of 1000 W. No external substrate heating was applied yet the temperature could reach 400-450 ° C due to the plasma-heating effect. [ 12 ] The VGNS was subsequently obtained and the vertical orientation was a result of the electric fi eld-guided growth in the plasma sheath. [ 14 ] The area of VGNS can be easily pre-determined by the size of butter pasted on the Ni foam (Figure 1 c).…”

Section: Plasma-enabled Growth Of Vgns Using Buttermentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure‐Controlled, Vertical Graphene‐Based, Binder‐Free Electrodes from Plasma‐Reformed Butter Enhance Supercapacitor Performance

Seo

Han

Kumar

et al. 2013

Advanced Energy Materials

186

152

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Vertical graphene nanosheets (VGNS) hold great promise for high‐performance supercapacitors owing to their excellent electrical transport property, large surface area and in particular, an inherent three‐dimensional, open network structure. However, it remains challenging to materialise the VGNS‐based supercapacitors due to their poor specific capacitance, high temperature processing, poor binding to electrode support materials, uncontrollable microstructure, and non‐cost effective way of fabrication. Here we use a single‐step, fast, scalable, and environmentally‐benign plasma‐enabled method to fabricate VGNS using cheap and spreadable natural fatty precursor butter, and demonstrate the controllability over the degree of graphitization and the density of VGNS edge planes. Our VGNS employed as binder‐free supercapacitor electrodes exhibit high specific capacitance up to 230 F g−1 at a scan rate of 10 mV s−1 and >99% capacitance retention after 1,500 charge‐discharge cycles at a high current density, when the optimum combination of graphitic structure and edge plane effects is utilised. The energy storage performance can be further enhanced by forming stable hybrid MnO2/VGNS nano‐architectures which synergistically combine the advantages from both VGNS and MnO2. This deterministic and plasma‐unique way of fabricating VGNS may open a new avenue for producing functional nanomaterials for advanced energy storage devices.

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Section: Plasma-enabled Growth Of Vgns Using Buttermentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure‐Controlled, Vertical Graphene‐Based, Binder‐Free Electrodes from Plasma‐Reformed Butter Enhance Supercapacitor Performance

Seo

Han

Kumar

et al. 2013

Advanced Energy Materials

186

152

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show abstract

“…During the treatment, substrates were negatively biased and heated by the plasma to 700 -750 K. So-called petal-like and tree-like graphene flake networks were formed in this experiment, with the petal-like structure grown at lower CH 4 and higher H 4 contents on the surfaces biased with −50 V potential during processing in Ag plasma, whereas the tree-like networks were grown at higher CH 4 and lower H 4 contents on the surfaces biased with −100 V potential. More details on the process and results can be found elsewhere [37] [38]. Further characterization has shown that increased process voltage (−100 V) resulted in the fragmentation of a silica layer and formation of SiO 2 islands, which led to the formation of tree-like network, whereas petal-like structures were formed on the smooth silica surface.SEM images and 3D reconstruction of the tree-like and petal-like structures are shown in Figure 4. …”

Section: Fabrication Of Graphene Flakes On Nanoporous Alumina and Solmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Characterization of Graphene Flake Networks Using Minkowski Functionals

Levchenko¹,

Fang²,

Ostrikov³

et al. 2016

Graphene

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Two Minkowski functionals were tested in the capacity of morphological descriptors to quantitatively compare the arrays of vertically-aligned graphene flakes grown on smooth and nanoporous alumina and silica surfaces. Specifically, the Euler-Poincaré characteristic and fractal dimension graphs were used to characterize the degree of connectivity and order in the systems, i.e. in the graphene flake patterns of petal-like and tree-like morphologies on solid substrates, and meshlike patterns (networks) grown on nanoporous alumina treated in low-temperature inductivelycoupled plasma. It was found that the Minkowski functionals return higher connectivity and fractal dimension numbers for the graphene flakepatterns with more complex morphologies, and indeed can be used as morphological descriptors to differentiate among various configurations of vertically-aligned graphene flakes grown on surfaces.

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“…In last decades, low dimensional carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotubes, polymer nanofibers, carbon nanotips and graphene have attracted much attention due to their novel structures and extensive applications in the areas of nanoelectronic and nanophotonic devices, biology and medicine [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. When the carbon-based carbon nanomaterials are applied, they must be free of metal particles to meet the requirements of some properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study on catalyst-free formation and electron field emission of carbon nanotips and nanotubes grown by chemical vapor deposition

Wang

Zheng

Shao

2013

Applied Surface Science

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Control of morphology and electrical properties of self-organized graphenes in a plasma

Cited by 116 publications

References 27 publications

Structure‐Controlled, Vertical Graphene‐Based, Binder‐Free Electrodes from Plasma‐Reformed Butter Enhance Supercapacitor Performance

Structure‐Controlled, Vertical Graphene‐Based, Binder‐Free Electrodes from Plasma‐Reformed Butter Enhance Supercapacitor Performance

Morphological Characterization of Graphene Flake Networks Using Minkowski Functionals

Comparative study on catalyst-free formation and electron field emission of carbon nanotips and nanotubes grown by chemical vapor deposition

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