Control of morphogenesis and actin localization by the<i>Penicillium marneffei RAC</i>homolog

Boyce, Kylie J.; Hynes, Michael J.; Andrianopoulos, Alex

doi:10.1242/jcs.00319

Cited by 96 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In other fungi, especially those with more prominent hyphal morphological forms, the related Rac and Cdc42 proteins together direct cell polarity (Hurtado et al 2000;Boyce et al 2003;Chen and Dickman 2004;Vallim et al 2005;Bassilana and Arkowitz 2006). C. neoformans is unique in that it possesses duplicated genes for Ras, Rac, and Cdc42 proteins (Ballou et al 2013a).…”

Section: Signal Transductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Morphogenesis

Lin

Alspaugh

Liu

et al. 2014

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

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Morphogenesis in fungi is often induced by extracellular factors and executed by fungal genetic factors. Cell surface changes and alterations of the microenvironment often accompany morphogenetic changes in fungi. In this review, we will first discuss the general traits of yeast and hyphal morphotypes and how morphogenesis affects development and adaptation by fungi to their native niches, including host niches. Then we will focus on the molecular machinery responsible for the two most fundamental growth forms, yeast and hyphae. Last, we will describe how fungi incorporate exogenous environmental and host signals together with genetic factors to determine their morphotype and how morphogenesis, in turn, shapes the fungal microenvironment. PROPERTIES OF MORPHOGENESIS IN FUNGAL CELLS

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Section: Signal Transductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Morphogenesis

Lin

Alspaugh

Liu

et al. 2014

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

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“…The protein showed 80 % sequence identity (aa) to a rac GTPase (cflB) of the dimorphic ascomycete Penicillium marneffei (Boyce et al, 2003). Interestingly, cflB co-localizes with actin at the tips of the vegetative hyphal cells.…”

Section: Discussion Morphogenesis and Polaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of gene expression in trap cells and vegetative hyphae of the nematophagous fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

et al. 2005

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Nematode-trapping fungi enter the parasitic stage by developing specific morphological structures called traps. The global patterns of gene expression in traps and mycelium of the fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum were compared. The trap of this fungus is a unicellular spherical structure called the knob, which develops on the apex of a hyphal branch. RNA was isolated from knobs and mycelium and hybridized to a cDNA array containing probes of 2822 EST clones of M. haptotylum. Despite the fact that the knobs and mycelium were grown in the same medium, there were substantial differences in the patterns of genes expressed in the two cell types. In total, 23?3 % (657 of 2822) of the putative genes were differentially expressed in knobs versus mycelium. Several of these genes displayed sequence similarities to genes known to be involved in regulating morphogenesis and cell polarity in fungi. Among them were several putative homologues for small GTPases, such as rho1, rac1 and ras1, and a rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (rdi1). Several homologues to genes involved in stress response, protein synthesis and protein degradation, transcription, and carbon metabolism were also differentially expressed. In the last category, a glycogen phosphorylase (gph1) gene homologue, one of the most upregulated genes in the knobs as compared to mycelium, was characterized. A number of the genes that were differentially expressed in trap cells are also known to be regulated during the development of infection structures in plant-pathogenic fungi. Among them, a gas1 (mas3) gene homologue (designated gks1), which is specifically expressed in appressoria of the rice blast fungus, was characterized.

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“…The T. melanosporum genome contains a clear ortholog of Rac, which is conserved in filamentous fungi and higher eukaryotes, but is missing in all sequenced yeasts (S. cerevisiae, Saccharomyces pombe, and Candida albicans). Rac proteins can play a crucial role in actin-dependent polarized growth and division, and its absence can inhibit the switch to filamentous growth in dimorphic fungi ( Boyce et al, 2003).…”

Section: Rho-type Gtpases As Key Regulators Of Polaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyphal and cytoskeleton polarization in Tuber melanosporum: A genomic and cellular analysis

Amicucci

Balestrini

Kohler

et al. 2011

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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Filamentous polarized growth involves a series of events including polarization of the cytoskeleton to selected growth sites, and the transport of secretory vesicles containing the components required for growth. The availability of fungal genome sequences has recently led to the identification of a large number of proteins involved in these processes. We have explored the Tuber melanosporum genome sequence by searching for homologs of genes known to play crucial roles in the morphogenesis and cell polarity of yeasts and filamentous fungi. One hundred and forty-nine genes have been identified and functionally grouped according to the deduced amino acid sequences (44 genes involved in cell polarity/morphogenesis, 39 belonging to the actin cytoskeleton and 66 involved in membrane dynamics, septation and exocytosis). A detailed gene annotation has shown that most components of the cell polarity machinery, morphogenesis and cytoskeleton found in yeasts and filamentous fungi are conserved, although the degree of similarity varies from strong to weak. Microscopic analysis of quick-frozen truffle hyphae detected the characteristic subcellular components of the hyphal tip in septate filamentous fungi, while transcript profiles revealed a moderately variable pattern during the biological cycle.

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Control of morphogenesis and actin localization by thePenicillium marneffei RAChomolog

Cited by 96 publications

References 24 publications

Fungal Morphogenesis

Fungal Morphogenesis

Comparison of gene expression in trap cells and vegetative hyphae of the nematophagous fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Hyphal and cytoskeleton polarization in Tuber melanosporum: A genomic and cellular analysis

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