Control of Microbial Souring of Oil in a Porous Media Column: ABSTRACT

Reinsel, Mark A.

doi:10.1306/64ed8b74-1724-11d7-8645000102c1865d

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Only recently, the application of nitrate to combat reservoir souring has been investigated (Energy Inst. 2003;Reinsel 1995), and several field applications have been described (Larson et al 2004;Sunde et al 2004). Nitrate injection acts by altering the nature of the bacterial population present in the reservoir.…”

Section: Recommended Mitigation Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Nitrate to Mitigate Reservoir Souring in Bonga Deepwater Development Offshore Nigeria

Kuijvenhoven

Noirot²,

Bostock³

et al. 2006

SPE Production &Amp; Operations

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The Bonga field, located in deep water off the Nigerian coast, needs pressure support to effectively recover hydrocarbons. The strategy is to inject 300,000 BWPD of seawater from the start of oil production. During the field development in 1999, it was concluded that Bonga was expected to suffer from reservoir souring and that mitigation would be necessary.Initial data gathering indicated that the H 2 S content resulting from reservoir souring was not expected to exceed 50 parts per million(volume-based) [ppm(v)] in the gas phase. Initially nanofiltration to reduce the sulfate level in the seawater was identified to mitigate reservoir souring, but because of the high capitalexpenditure (CAPEX) costs, it was dropped and, because there were no other proven mitigation techniques available, it was decided to operate without mitigation. The strategy for this project was to let the reservoir sour and handle the H 2 S with sour-service materials and scavenging facilities topside. The facilities were designed to handle a maximum level of 50-ppm(v) H 2 S.As detailed design progressed and more field data became available, doubts were raised on the suitability of this approach. The strategy to let the reservoir sour and handle the H 2 S at surface was re-evaluated in 2003. It was found that H 2 S levels are likely to exceed 50 ppm(v). Since then, a new strategy with mitigation was adopted. Several operators had verified that nitrate injection is an effective mitigation technique to control H 2 S development. However, to date, the main application for nitrate had been the reduction of H 2 S in already-sour fields, and the experience for the use of nitrate from the start of the water-injection scheme was limited.This paper presents a detailed evaluation of the potential for reservoir souring resulting from biogenic reservoir souring in the Bonga field and the work done to predict H 2 S levels. The paper focuses on the selection of nitrate as a mitigation method. Reservoir-Souring Potential in BongaThere is uncertainty about the expected severity of reservoir souring in Bonga because there is no detailed information available for the produced-water composition from the main reservoir to be

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Section: Recommended Mitigation Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Nitrate to Mitigate Reservoir Souring in Bonga Deepwater Development Offshore Nigeria

Kuijvenhoven

Noirot²,

Bostock³

et al. 2006

SPE Production &Amp; Operations

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“…Only recently the application of nitrate to combat reservoir souring has been investigated (Ref. 4,5) and several field applications are described (Ref. 6, 7).…”

Section: Recommended Mitigation Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Nitrate to Mitigate Reservoir Souring in Bonga Deepwater Development Offshore Nigeria

Kuijvenhoven¹,

Bostock²,

Chappell³

et al. 2005

Proceedings of SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThe Bonga field located in deep water off the Nigerian coast needs pressure support to effectively recover the hydrocarbons. The strategy is to inject 300k bwpd seawater from the start of oil production. During the field development in 1999 it was concluded that Bonga was expected to suffer from reservoir souring, and that mitigation would be necessary. Initial data gathering indicated that the expected H 2 S content resulting from reservoir souring was not expected to exceed 50 ppm(v) in the gas phase. Initially nano-filtration to reduce the sulphate level in the seawater was identified to mitigate reservoir souring but due to the high CAPEX costs it was dropped and as there were no other proven mitigation techniques available, it was decided to operate without mitigation. The strategy for this project was to let the reservoir sour and handle the H 2 S with sour service materials and scavenging facilities topside. The facilities were designed to handle a maximum level of 50 ppm(v) H 2 S.As detailed design progressed and more field data became available, doubts were raised on the suitability of this approach. The strategy to let the reservoir sour and handle the H 2 S at surface was re-evaluated in 2003. It was found that H 2 S levels are likely to exceed 50 ppm(v). Since then a new strategy with mitigation was adopted. Several operators had verified that nitrate injection is an effective mitigation technique to control H 2 S development. However, to date the main application for nitrate had been the reduction of H 2 S in already sour fields and the experience for the use of nitrate from the start of the water injection scheme was limited. This paper presents a detailed evaluation of the potential for reservoir souring due to biogenic reservoir souring in the Bonga field, and work done to predict H 2 S levels. The paper will also focus on the selection of nitrate as a mitigation method.

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Oil reservoir simulating bioreactors: tools for understanding petroleum microbiology

Rellegadla

Jain

Agrawal

2019

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Control of Microbial Souring of Oil in a Porous Media Column: ABSTRACT

Cited by 3 publications

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Use of Nitrate to Mitigate Reservoir Souring in Bonga Deepwater Development Offshore Nigeria

Use of Nitrate to Mitigate Reservoir Souring in Bonga Deepwater Development Offshore Nigeria

Use of Nitrate to Mitigate Reservoir Souring in Bonga Deepwater Development Offshore Nigeria

Oil reservoir simulating bioreactors: tools for understanding petroleum microbiology

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