Control of MgO·Al2O3 Spinel Inclusions during Protective Gas Electroslag Remelting of Die Steel

Shi, Chengbin; Chen, Xichun; Guo, Hongjian; Zhu, Zi-Jiang; Sun, Xiaolin

doi:10.1007/s11663-012-9780-x

Cited by 56 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Different deoxidation schemes (deoxidizing agent type, addition amount, and addition time, etc.) are generally adopted for liquid steel deoxidation according to the requirements of individual steel grade when producing the steel electrode for ESR, which consequently generate different types of oxide inclusions in the steel electrode, 8,[14][15][16]18,19,45) consequently giving different removal degrees of oxide inclusions during the ESR of the steel. The types, compositions and size of the original oxide inclusions in the steel electrode exert a significant influence on the refining consequence of ESR in terms of the oxygen level of the remelted ingots.…”

Section: Oxide Inclusions In Steel Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…14) The effects of the abovementioned factors, which influence the deoxidation of ESR, on the oxide inclusions therefore should also be addressed because different types of inclusions basically experience various evolution trajectories during the ESR, as demonstrated in the previous studies regarding Al 2 O 3 , MgO•Al 2 O 3 , nitride, sulfide, and calcium aluminate inclusions. [14][15][16][17][18][19] However, only a few works regarding the correlation of deoxidation and oxide inclusions have been reported. In view of the significance of decreasing oxygen level, the complexity of multiple factors affecting the deoxidation, and infeasibility in on-line monitor during on-going ESR, it is quite important to summarize the existing works on the deoxidation and associated oxide inclusions during ESR for the purpose of assisting future work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deoxidation of Electroslag Remelting (ESR) – A Review

Shi

2020

ISIJ Int.

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Deoxidation of liquid steel and alloy during electroslag remelting (ESR) is always an ongoing concern for producing advanced clean steel and alloy. The increasing demands for more excellent performance of steel urge metallurgists to further improve the steel cleanliness. Lowering the oxygen content and nonmetallic inclusions amount during the ESR process is of great importance as ESR is the last processing procedure for refining liquid steel in the steel product manufacturing process. Deoxidation of ESR is dependent on one or more aspects including the initial oxygen content and oxide inclusions in the electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes, slag compositions, reoxidation degree, melting rate and filling ratio. This paper reviews the state of the art in the deoxidation of ESR and deoxidation-related oxide inclusions. The oxygen transfer behavior during ESR process is described first. Deoxidation of liquid steel during ESR is discussed based on the thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. The dependence of the oxygen on the processing parameters of ESR is reviewed and discussed. The influence of these parameters on the oxide inclusions associated with the deoxidation of ESR is also assessed. The suggestions for the future work are proposed in this article.

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Section: Oxide Inclusions In Steel Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deoxidation of Electroslag Remelting (ESR) – A Review

Shi

2020

ISIJ Int.

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“…Many studies have focused on research of oxide behavior during ESR process, which have provided some understanding on minimizing oxide, [1][2][3] the evolution of oxide 4,5) and controlling the oxygen content. [6][7][8] As known, the effect of non-deformable TiN inclusion on bearing steel is worse than that of oxide in the same size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation Mechanism of TiN Inclusion for GCr15SiMn during Electroslag Remelting Process

Liu

Cheng

et al. 2015

ISIJ International

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“…Figure 6 presents the map scanning of Ca-containing complex inclusions in remelted ingots. As can be seen in The mechanism of MgO-Al 2 O 3 inclusion modification during Ca treatment has been illustrated by many researchers: [16][17][18][19] where K is the reaction equilibrium constants of MnS inclusions, T is the temperature of molten steel, K can be expressed as: where f Mn and f S are the activity coefficient of Mn and S, the activity coefficient is calculated by Eq. (4).…”

Section: Inclusions In Remelted Ingotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and Evolution of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Calcium Treatment H13 Steel during Electroslag Remelting Process

Wang

Shi

et al. 2019

ISIJ Int.

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In the current study, the evolution of inclusions in H13 steel electrode with different Ca content refined through ESR process were analyzed, the formation and evolution of sulfide and oxide inclusions during ESR process was determined based on experiments and thermodynamic calculation. The results showed: The inclusions of remelted ingot were Al 2 O 3 , CaO-Al 2 O 3-CaS and CaO-Al 2 O 3-MgO-CaS, more than half of the total inclusions were smaller than 3 μm. The cleanliness and inclusions of remelted ingot had no difference with different Ca content in electrode. MnS inclusions in electrode precipitated while the solid fraction reached 0.98. MnS inclusions cannot precipitate due to the low level of S content in remelted ingot and the decrease of Mn and S segregation on the front edge of solidified shell. The low-meltingtemperature inclusions were dissolved and disappeared completely before liquid metal droplets collected in the liquid metal pool. The different of local cooling intensity during ESR process and high Al 2 O 3 content of liquid inclusion in molten pool promoted the formation of large amount of tiny Al 2 O 3 inclusions in remelted ingot.

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Control of MgO·Al2O3 Spinel Inclusions during Protective Gas Electroslag Remelting of Die Steel

Cited by 56 publications

References 21 publications

Deoxidation of Electroslag Remelting (ESR) – A Review

Deoxidation of Electroslag Remelting (ESR) – A Review

Generation Mechanism of TiN Inclusion for GCr15SiMn during Electroslag Remelting Process

Formation and Evolution of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Calcium Treatment H13 Steel during Electroslag Remelting Process

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