Control of metabolic rate is a hidden variable in the allometric scaling of homeotherms

Chauí‐Berlinck, José Guilherme; Navas, Carlos A.; Monteiro, Luiz Henrique Alves; Bicudo, J. Eduardo P. W.

doi:10.1242/jeb.01421

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…An exponent of 2/3 was first proposed by Rubner in 1883 (25) for basal metabolic rate and is in accordance with simple geometric and physiological principles if loss of temperature is assumed to be solely dependent on body surface area. In a recent paper by Chaui-Berlinck et al (26) it is argued that whilst physical and geometrical principles are important, parameters which fall under the rein of control Table II for the rats and scaled-human parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their paper, Chaui-Berlinck et al (26) propose a similar control system for the control of body temperature as the one in Eq. 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. Using allometric scaling Chaui-Berlinck et al (26) hypothesize oscillations in the temperature adjustments of small homeoterms versus a graded response in large homeoterms. The current investigation therefore provides experimental evidence to this argument.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allometric Scaling of Pharmacodynamic Responses: Application to 5-Ht1A Receptor Mediated Responses from Rat to Man

et al. 2007

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Purpose. The aim of the present study was to assess whether two widely used biomarkers for 5-HT 1A -receptor mediated responses in the rat (hypothermia and corticosterone increase) could be scaled to man using allometric principles. Materials and Methods. Mechanism-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models were developed and characterized in rats for the standard 5-HT 1A -receptor agonists, buspirone and flesinoxan. Allometric scaling was investigated on the basis of simulation taking into account the inter-individual variability and clinical study design. The model-predicted effects of both flesinoxan and buspirone were compared to those published in the literature. Results. The main finding of this analysis was that for both hypothermia and cortisol increase, the model could predict the extent of the pharmacological response in man adequately. For the hypothermic response, the time course of the response was also predicted with a high degree of accuracy. In contrast, in the case of the cortisol response, the observed time lag was, despite the fact that it fell within the model uncertainty, not predicted. Conclusions. Based on these analyses, it is concluded that allometrically scaled mechanism based PK-PD models are promising as a means of predicting the pharmacodynamic responses in man. This approach provides for a novel way of interpreting and scaling pre-clinical pharmacological responses and ultimately facilitates the understanding and prediction of pharmacological responses in man.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their paper, Chaui-Berlinck et al (26) propose a similar control system for the control of body temperature as the one in Eq. 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allometric Scaling of Pharmacodynamic Responses: Application to 5-Ht1A Receptor Mediated Responses from Rat to Man

et al. 2007

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“…These include models or hypotheses invoking the effects of four-dimensional geometry, sometimes including biological time as the fourth dimension [17,[77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84], the relative effects of resource supply versus demand (e.g., [19,20,46,70,[85][86][87][88][89][90]), the biological regulation of metabolic rate (e.g., [20,87,[90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98]), and various adaptive effects resulting from interactions with ecological factors (e.g., [19,20,46,[99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107]). Here I focus on four major, much-discussed theoretical approaches encompassed by the 'contextual multimodal theory' (CMT) of metabolic scaling ( Figure 1) recently proposed in this journal [20].…”

Section: Theoretical Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rediscovering and Reviving Old Observations and Explanations of Metabolic Scaling in Living Systems

Glazier

2018

Systems

112

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Why the rate of metabolism varies (scales) in regular, but diverse ways with body size is a perennial, incompletely resolved question in biology. In this article, I discuss several examples of the recent rediscovery and (or) revival of specific metabolic scaling relationships and explanations for them previously published during the nearly 200-year history of allometric studies. I carry out this discussion in the context of the four major modal mechanisms highlighted by the contextual multimodal theory (CMT) that I published in this journal four years ago. These mechanisms include metabolically important processes and their effects that relate to surface area, resource transport, system (body) composition, and resource demand. In so doing, I show that no one mechanism can completely explain the broad diversity of metabolic scaling relationships that exists. Multi-mechanistic models are required, several of which I discuss. Successfully developing a truly general theory of biological scaling requires the consideration of multiple hypotheses, causal mechanisms and scaling relationships, and their integration in a context-dependent way. A full awareness of the rich history of allometric studies, an openness to multiple perspectives, and incisive experimental and comparative tests can help this important quest.

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“…Although the importance of regulation in metabolic scaling was discussed over 50 years ago (e.g., [20,106,122]), it has been a neglected focus of research in recent years (but see [10,27,96,123,124]). The effects of regulation can be dramatic, as seen when mammals engage in regulated depression of their T b and metabolic rate during torpor and hibernation [125]: as a result, their metabolic scaling slope shifts markedly from~0.67-0.75 to~1, as predicted by the MLBH [10,23,26,93].…”

Section: Suggestions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Contingency versus Constraints on the Body-Mass Scaling of Metabolic Rate

Glazier

2018

Challenges

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I illustrate the effects of both contingency and constraints on the body-mass scaling of metabolic rate by analyzing the significantly different influences of ambient temperature (T a ) on metabolic scaling in ectothermic versus endothermic animals. Interspecific comparisons show that increasing T a results in decreasing metabolic scaling slopes in ectotherms, but increasing slopes in endotherms, a pattern uniquely predicted by the metabolic-level boundaries hypothesis, as amended to include effects of the scaling of thermal conductance in endotherms outside their thermoneutral zone. No other published theoretical model explicitly predicts this striking variation in metabolic scaling, which I explain in terms of contingent effects of T a and thermoregulatory strategy in the context of physical and geometric constraints related to the scaling of surface area, volume, and heat flow across surfaces. My analysis shows that theoretical models focused on an ideal 3/4-power law, as explained by a single universally applicable mechanism, are clearly inadequate for explaining the diversity and environmental sensitivity of metabolic scaling. An important challenge is to develop a theory of metabolic scaling that recognizes the contingent effects of multiple mechanisms that are modulated by several extrinsic and intrinsic factors within specified constraints.

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Control of metabolic rate is a hidden variable in the allometric scaling of homeotherms

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

Allometric Scaling of Pharmacodynamic Responses: Application to 5-Ht1A Receptor Mediated Responses from Rat to Man

Allometric Scaling of Pharmacodynamic Responses: Application to 5-Ht1A Receptor Mediated Responses from Rat to Man

Rediscovering and Reviving Old Observations and Explanations of Metabolic Scaling in Living Systems

Effects of Contingency versus Constraints on the Body-Mass Scaling of Metabolic Rate

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