Control of malaria in Pakistan by applying deltamethrin insecticide to cattle: a community-randomised trial

Rowland, Mark; Durrani, Naeem; Kenward, Mike; Mohammed, Nasir; Urahman, Hameed; Hewitt, Sean

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04955-2

Cited by 94 publications

(117 citation statements)

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“…This is an alternative method to control the exophilic and zoophilic malaria vector. Rowland et al [7] showed that the mean milk yield of deltamethrin treated cow did not decrease. On the other hand, nontreated cows fell by 11% during the malaria transmission season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In a developing country, scientists [3,7,15] have evaluated insecticide treatment to cattle or livestock. This is an alternative method to control the exophilic and zoophilic malaria vector.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sleeping livestock are defenseless to mosquitoes and other blood-sucking insects. To block mosquito feeding, several researchers have evaluated pyrethroid insecticide sprayed directly on the cattle [3,7]. For this topical application, we must verify that these direct applications are not affecting milk or meat safety and its quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficiency Evaluation of Nozawa-Style Black Light Trap for Control of Anopheline Mosquitoes

et al. 2009

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House-residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets have achieved some success in controlling anthropophilic and endophagic vectors. However, these methods have relatively low efficacy in Korea because Anopheles sinensis, the primary malaria vector, is highly zoophilic and exophilic. So, we focused our vector control efforts within livestock enclosures using ultraviolet black light traps as a mechanical control measure. We found that black light traps captured significantly more mosquitoes at 2 and 2.5 m above the ground (P < 0.05). We also evaluated the effectiveness of trap spacing within the livestock enclosure. In general, traps spaced between 4 and 7 m apart captured mosquitoes more efficiently than those spaced closer together (P > 0.05). Based on these findings, we concluded that each black light trap in the livestock enclosures killed 7,586 female mosquitoes per trap per night during the peak mosquito season (July-August). In MayAugust 2003, additional concurrent field trials were conducted in Ganghwa county. We got 74.9% reduction (P < 0.05) of An. sinensis in human dwellings and 61.5% reduction (P > 0.05) in the livestock enclosures. The black light trap operation in the livestock enclosures proved to be an effective control method and should be incorporated into existing control strategies in developed countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficiency Evaluation of Nozawa-Style Black Light Trap for Control of Anopheline Mosquitoes

et al. 2009

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“…First, mosquitoes become frequently attracted to insecticide-treated cattle which reduce their abundance and infection abilities 22 . Second, cattle are not reservoir hosts for malaria parasites, so the transmission cycle is broken when mosquitoes feed on cattle 23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of household environmental resources and practices in eliminating residual malaria transmission: a case study of Tanzania, Burundi, Malawi and Liberia

Semakula¹,

Song²,

Zhang³

et al. 2015

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: The increasing protection gaps of insecticide-treated nets and indoor-residual spraying methods against malaria have led to an emergence of residual transmission in sub-Saharan Africa and thus, supplementary strategies to control mosquitoes are urgently required. Objective: To assess household environmental resources and practices that increase or reduce malaria risk among children under-five years of age in order to identify those aspects that can be adopted to control residual transmission. Methods: Household environmental resources, practices and malaria test results were extracted from Malaria Indicators Survey datasets for Tanzania, Burundi, Malawi and Liberia with 16,747 children from 11,469 households utilised in the analysis. Logistic regressions were performed to quantify the contribution of each factor to malaria occurrence. Results: Cattle rearing reduced malaria risk between 26%-49% while rearing goats increased the risk between 26%-32%. All piped-water systems reduced malaria risk between 30%-87% (Tanzania), 48%-95% (Burundi), 67%-77% (Malawi) and 58%-73 (Liberia). Flush toilets reduced malaria risk between 47%-96%. Protected-wells increased malaria risk between 19%-44%. Interestingly, boreholes increased malaria risk between 19%-75%. Charcoal use reduced malaria risk between 11%-49%. Conclusion: Vector control options for tackling mosquitoes were revealed based on their risk levels. These included cattle rearing, installation of piped-water systems and flush toilets as well as use of smokeless fuels.

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“…arabiensis resting inside human habitations in northern Tanzania had fed on cattle. For control measures, preventing mosquito feeding on animals by application of insecticide on domestic animals might also be useful [35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Irrigation System on Malaria Transmission in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia

Alzahrani¹,

McCall²,

Hassan³

et al. 2017

Open J Trop Med

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Introduction: Jazan Region, in the Southwestern Saudi Arabia is known as the mostly affected region with malaria. Malaria occurs at hypo-to hyperendimic level where P. falciparum is the commonest parasite and An. arabiensis is the principal vector. Different types of crop irrigation systems were often blamed for aggravating the health risks of local communities. Reservoirs, irrigation canals, and dams are closely associated with vector-borne parasitic diseases. Thus, seasonal transmission period of a disease such as malaria may be extended as a result of these irrigation systems. The present study is meant to investigate vector breeding and transmission sites associated with the irrigation system in Jazan area for malaria through vector sampling and direct observation. Methods:The study was conducted in three villages in irrigated and three villages in non-irrigated areas in Jazan Region. Entomological surveys were conducted over 12 months from January to December 2004. Larvae were sampled by standard dipping technique and adults were sampled by pyrethrum knockdown collection and CDC light traps. Anopheline mosquitoes were morphologically identifi ed and further verifi ed at the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Mosquito blood meals were tested by direct enzyme linked immune sorbent assay technique for source identifi cation. Results:Of the 3498 anophelines larvae collected, during this study, 53.2% were from the irrigated sites. The total collection of larvae revealed the prevalence of 7 Anopheles spp., of these An. d`thali and An. pretoriensis were the most abundant, and comprised about 50.77 % and 36.91%, of the total collection, respectively. Larvae of the known malaria vector, An. arabiensis comprised 9.43% (330), of which, 69.4% were harvested from habitats at the irrigated area. A total of 2938 adult anophelines were caught from both areas and 1539 (52.4%) were An. d`thali, An. multicolor and An. arabiensis from irrigated area. A total of 106 blood-meal specimens from An. d`thali and An. arabiensis females, were examined and 95.3% were of human origin. Discussion and Conclusion:Of the seven anopheline species encountered, An. sergentii, An. multicolor and An. fl uviatilis are fi rst record in Jazan Region. The study showed no signifi cant difference between irrigated and non-irrigated areas can provide mosquitoes with various breeding habitat types. The known malaria vector in the region, An. arabiensis were more abundant in irrigated areas as larvae (69.3%) and as adults (69.4%) and together with An. d`thali showed high tendency towards anthropophagic behaviour (95.33%).

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Control of malaria in Pakistan by applying deltamethrin insecticide to cattle: a community-randomised trial

Cited by 94 publications

References 10 publications

Efficiency Evaluation of Nozawa-Style Black Light Trap for Control of Anopheline Mosquitoes

Efficiency Evaluation of Nozawa-Style Black Light Trap for Control of Anopheline Mosquitoes

Potential of household environmental resources and practices in eliminating residual malaria transmission: a case study of Tanzania, Burundi, Malawi and Liberia

Impact of Irrigation System on Malaria Transmission in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia

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