Control of litchi downy blight by zeamines produced by Dickeya zeae

Liao, Lisheng; Zhou, Jianuan; Wang, Huishan; He, Fei; Liu, Shiyin; Jiang, Zide; Chen, Shaohua; Zhang, Lian-Hui

doi:10.1038/srep15719

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…TEM analysis displayed that the plasma membrane of the hyphae were severely damaged and certain intracellular organelles disappeared. These results were similar to the damages on P. litchii induced by hypothemycin, zeamines or isoliquiritin [ 22 , 23 , 24 ] or on B. cinerea and Lophodermium seditiosum induced by methyl cis -7-oxo-deisopropyl dehydroabietate [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Antifungal Activity of Natural Volatile Organic Compounds against Litchi Downy Blight Pathogen Peronophythora litchii

et al. 2018

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Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a commercially important fruit but its production and quality are restricted by litchi downy blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Peronophythora litchii Chen. Volatile substances produced by a biocontrol antinomycetes Streptomyces fimicarius BWL-H1 could inhibited P. litchii growth and development both in vitro and in detached litchi leaf and fruit infection assay. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from BWL-H1 resulted in severe damage to the endomembrane system and cell wall of P. litchii cells in vitro and abnormal morphology of appressoria, as well as deformed new hyphae in infection process. VOCs could suppress mycelial growth, sporulation, while with no obvious effect on sporangia germination. Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometric analyses, 32 VOCs were identified from S. fimicarius BWL-H1, the most abundant of which was phenylethyl alcohol. Eight VOCs, including phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl phenylacetate, methyl anthranilate, α-copaene, caryophyllene, humulene, methyl salicylate and 4-ethylphenol, that are commercially available, were purchased and their bioactivity was tested individually. Except for humulene, the other seven tested volatile compounds shown strong inhibitory activity against mycelial growth, sporulation, sporangia germination and germ-tube growth of P. litchii. Especially, 4-ethylphenol showed the highest inhibitory effect on sporulation at a very low concentration of 2 µL/L. Overall, our results provided a better understanding of the mode of action of volatiles from BWL-H1 on P. litchii, and showed that volatiles from BWL-H1 have the potential for control of postharvest litchi downy blight.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Antifungal Activity of Natural Volatile Organic Compounds against Litchi Downy Blight Pathogen Peronophythora litchii

et al. 2018

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“…zeae . In addition, given that zeamines are potent antibiotics against both bacterial and fungal pathogens 8 , 40 , 41 , the above findings also present useful clues for synthetic engineering D . zeae strains to increase the yield of zeamines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Fis is a global regulator critical for modulation of virulence factor production and pathogenicity of Dickeya zeae

Chen

Liao

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Dickeya zeae is the causal agent of rice foot rot disease, which has recently become a great threat to rice planting countries and regions. The pathogen produces a family of phytotoxins named zeamines that is critical for bacterial virulence, but little is known about the signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms that govern zeamine production. In this study, we showed that a conserved transcriptional regulator Fis is involved in the regulation of zeamine production in D. zeae strain EC1. Deletion mutants were markedly attenuated in the virulence against rice seed germination. Transcriptome and phenotype analyses showed that Fis is a potent global transcriptional regulator modulating various virulence traits, including production of extracellular enzymes and exopolysaccharides, swimming and swarming motility, biofilm formation and cell aggregation. DNA gel retardation analysis showed that Fis directly regulates the transcription of key virulence genes and the genes encoding Vfm quorum sensing system through DNA/protein interaction. Our findings unveil a key regulator associated with the virulence of D. zeae EC1, and present useful clues for further elucidation of the regulatory complex and signaling pathways which govern the virulence of this important pathogen.

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“…campestris Xc1 Pathogen of crucifers black rot [ 69 ] 9.68 ± 0.36 0 0 0 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Pathogen of cystic fibrosis [ 70 ] 4.04 ± 0.43 0 0 0 Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense FOC4 Pathogen of banana wilt [ 71 ] 6.17 ± 0.33 3.95 ± 0.39 3.32 ± 0.22 0 Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA Pathogen of rice sheath blight [ 72 ] 4.07 ± 0.23 1.31 ± 0.09 0.70 ± 0.15 0 Magnaporthe oryzae B157 Pathogen of rice blast [ 73 ] 4.70 ± 0.28 1.98 ± 0.34 1.50 ± 0.31 0 Peronophythora litchi Pathogen of litchi downy blight [ 74 ] 11.69 ± 0.34 8.71 ± 0.15 3.48 ± 0.21 3.72 ± 0.22 Colletotrichum capsici Pathogen of capsicum anthracnose Lab storage 5.45 ± 0.14 5.26 ± 0.13 4.79 ± 0.10 0 C. gloeosporioides Pathogen of mango anthracnose Lab storage 4.91 ± 0.10 4.06 ± 0.20 3.59 ± 0.42 0 Sporisorium scitamineum Pathogen of sugarcane smut [ 75 ] 2.60 ± 0.06 2.27 ± 0.54 1.51 ± 0.22 0 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dickeya zeae strains isolated from rice, banana and clivia rot plants show great virulence differentials

Chen

et al. 2018

BMC Microbiol

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BackgroundDickeya zeae is the causal agent of maize and rice foot rot diseases, but recently it was also found to infect banana and cause severe losses in China. Strains from different sources showed significant diversity in nature, implying complicated evolution history and pathogenic mechanisms.ResultsD. zeae strains were isolated from soft rot banana plants and ornamental monocotyledonous Clivia miniata. Compared with D. zeae strain EC1 isolated from rice, clivia isolates did not show any antimicrobial activity, produced less extracellular enzymes, had a much narrow host ranges, but released higher amount of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). In contrast, the banana isolates in general produced more extracellular enzymes and EPS than strain EC1. Furthermore, we provided evidence that the banana D. zeae isolate MS2 produces a new antibiotic/phytotoxin(s), which differs from the zeamine toxins produced by rice pathogen D. zeae strain EC1 genetically and in its antimicrobial potency.ConclusionsThe findings from this study expanded the natural host range of D. zeae and highlighted the genetic and phenotypic divergence of D. zeae strains. Conclusions can be drawn from a series of tests that at least two types of D. zeae strains could cause the soft rot disease of banana, with one producing antimicrobial compound while the other producing none, and the D. zeae clivia strains could only infect monocot hosts. D. zeae strains isolated from different sources have diverse virulence characteristics.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1300-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Control of litchi downy blight by zeamines produced by Dickeya zeae

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Antifungal Activity of Natural Volatile Organic Compounds against Litchi Downy Blight Pathogen Peronophythora litchii

Antifungal Activity of Natural Volatile Organic Compounds against Litchi Downy Blight Pathogen Peronophythora litchii

Fis is a global regulator critical for modulation of virulence factor production and pathogenicity of Dickeya zeae

Dickeya zeae strains isolated from rice, banana and clivia rot plants show great virulence differentials

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