Control of Late Blight (Phytophthora capsici ) in Pepper Plant with a Compost Containing Multitude of Chitinase-producing Bacteria

Abstract

Compost sustaining a multitude of chitinase-producing bacteria was evaluated in a greenhouse study as a soil amendment for the control of late blight (Phytophthora capsici L.) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Microbial population and exogenous enzyme activity were measured in the rhizosphere and correlated to the growth and health of pepper plant. Rice straw was composted with and without a chitin source, after having been inoculated with an aliquot of coastal area soil containing a known titer of chitinaseproducing bacteria. P. capsici inoculated plants cultivated in chitin compost-amended soil exhibited significantly higher root and shoot weights and lower root mortality than plants grown in pathogen-inoculated control compost. Chitinase and b-1,3-glucanase activities in rhizosphere of plants grown in chitin compost-amended soil were twice that seen in soil amended with control compost. Colony forming units of chitinase-producing bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of plants grown in chitin compost-amended soil were 10 3 times as prevalent as bacteria in control compost. These results indicate that increasing the population of chitinase-producing bacteria and soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere by compost amendment could alleviate pathogenic effects of P. capsici.

Pudrición basal causada por Phytophthora capcisi en plantas de chile tratadas con vermicompost

“…Además, los fungicidas y fumigantes presentan un alto costo de aplicación, potencial daño ambiental, toxicidad y generación de resistencia en los cultivos (Cohen y Coffey, 1986;Lamour y Hausbeck, 2000;Lamour y Hausbeck, 2003). La presión continua de la enfermedad y la preocupación por el impacto ambiental causado por aplicaciones excesivas de productos químicos, hacen necesarias estrategias alternativas para el manejo de P. capsici (Hoitink et al, 1997;Chae et al, 2006).…”

“…También se ha demostrado que tienen un efecto supresivo sobre enfermedades ocasionadas por patógenos de suelo (Kim et al, 1997;Noble y Coventry, 2005), incluyendo las causadas por Phytophthora spp. (Kim et al, 1997;Aryantha et al, 2000;Chae et al, 2006;Ntougias et al, 2008). Al respecto, Ntougias et al (2008) al estudiar el uso de nueve tipos de compost sobre Phytophthora nicotianae en tomate, y Szczech y Smolinska (2011) utilizando vermicompost producido a partir de estiércoles, reportaron altos niveles de supresión del patógeno.…”

“…Se han propuesto varios mecanismos para explicar la supresión de enfermedades por el uso de abonos orgánicos, entre ellos: la estimulación de comunidades nativas de antagonistas, la introducción de agentes de biocontrol al suelo, el aporte de nutrientes para el establecimiento y actividad de dichos organismos, la inducción de resistencia, el aumento en la disponibilidad de nutrimentos a la planta y la mejora en la condición de la raíz, todo ello favorece un crecimiento adecuado del cultivo y le permite tolerar las enfermedades o escapar de la infección (Huber, 1980;Huber, 1991;Hoitink y Grebus, 1994;Hointink y Boehm, 1999;Aryantha et al, 2000;Chae et al, 2006;Termorshuizen et al, 2006;Danon et al, 2007;Artavia et al, 2010).…”

Organic Amendments to Avocado Crops Induce Suppressiveness and Influence the Composition and Activity of Soil Microbial Communities

“…Many authors have correlated the suppression of certain plant diseases with organic parameters related to physicochemical properties (28,29), microbial biomass (30,31), microbial diversity (23,32), microbial community composition (33,34), microbial overall activity (30,35), metabolic and enzymatic profiles (34,36), and particular enzymatic activities (37,38). Even if certain of these parameters are better predictors than others, none is universally related to disease suppression, and their correlation with suppressiveness is largely dependent on the pathosystem, the type of amendment used, and the environmental conditions (26,27).…”

Turfgrass Probiotics Reduce Population of Large Patch Pathogen and Improve Growth of Zoysiagrass

“…잔디의 병은 대부분 진균에 의해 발생 이 되며 진균의 세포벽은 chitin 등의 성분으로 이루어져 있는데 이는 chitin을 분해하는 유용균을 선발하면 병 방제 에 효과적으로 사용할 수 있다 (Lee et al, 2015b). 이 중 Streptomyces속 (Shirai, 2006)과 Burkholderia속 (Khan et al, 2004;Jin et al, 2005;Chae et al, 2006;Mao, 2007)을 포함하여 Serratia와 Klebsiella 등 많은 균들이 Chitinase를 생 성하는 것으로 보고되어 있다 (Shirai, 2006). (Fonteno, 1996).…”