Control of laser weld distortion by thermal tensioning

Gabzdyl, Jack; Cole, M.H.; Williams, Stewart; Price, D. A.

doi:10.2351/1.5059786

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…303 Michaleris and Sun 304 and Dull et al 305 have applied thermal tensioning to reduce buckling distortion, whereas Dong et al 306 developed an in-process thermal stretching technique for effective mitigation of residual stresses and distortion on repair welding of aluminium panels. Barber et al, 307 van der Aa et al 308 and Williams and co-workers 285,[309][310][311] have applied local cooling to FSW, using either solid or liquid CO 2 trailing the heat source, as a means of creating dynamically controlled low residual stress and distortion free welds; others have used water jets. 312 Several mechanical tensioning systems have been proposed.…”

Section: As Welded Residual Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction stir welding of aluminium alloys

Threadgill¹,

Leonard²,

Shercliff³

et al. 2009

International Materials Reviews

1,025

586

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The comprehensive body of knowledge that has built up with respect to the friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium alloys since the technique was invented in 1991 is reviewed. The basic principles of FSW are described, including thermal history and metal flow, before discussing how process parameters affect the weld microstructure and the likelihood of entraining defects. After introducing the characteristic macroscopic features, the microstructural development and related distribution of hardness are reviewed in some detail for the two classes of wrought aluminium alloy (non-heat-treatable and heat-treatable). Finally, the range of mechanical properties that can be achieved is discussed, including consideration of residual stress, fracture, fatigue and corrosion. It is demonstrated that FSW of aluminium is becoming an increasingly mature technology with numerous commercial applications. In spite of this, much remains to be learned about the process and opportunities for further research and development are identified.

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Section: As Welded Residual Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction stir welding of aluminium alloys

Threadgill¹,

Leonard²,

Shercliff³

et al. 2009

International Materials Reviews

1,025

586

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…12,13 Li et al and van der Aa et al have looked into the positioning of heat sinks in DC-LSND and found it to be the most important factors for maximising the relief of residual welding stresses. 18,33 Richards et al found that a leading heat sink was much less effective in modifying the thermal field and reducing the residual stresses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In their DC-LSND process, the thermal tensioning was achieved by spraying a cryogenic liquid, delivered from a nozzle which moved along with the heat source, to the solidifying weld metal at the rear of the laser spot. 13,14 Soul et al and Li et al applied the DC-LSND technique in arc welding titanium alloy sheets and studied the welding temperature field. Their results showed that the high temperature region was limited, and the maximum temperature of the sample was much lower than that of conventional arc process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of trailing heat sink on residual stresses and welding distortion in friction stir welding Al sheets

Wang

Wan

et al. 2011

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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This paper investigates a trailing heat sink, which was designed and applied to friction stir welding (FSW) in order to control the residual stresses and welding distortion. Residual stresses, residual plastic strains and welding distortion of 2024-T3 and 5083-H321 Al sheets welded by FSW with and without the trailing heat sink were compared. The optimal placement of the heat sink was discussed. The results revealed that the reductions in peak tensile stresses were 66% for 2024-T3 and 58% for 5083-H321 by application of the trailing heat sink in FSW. In addition, the welding distortion could be reduced drastically by this method. The 5083-H321 sheet with a size of 1000610063?5 mm welded by this method was very flat and had almost no distortion. This method achieved in-process control of stresses and welding distortion, without additional complicated work before or after welding operation.

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“…In order to eliminate buckling distortion, the welding induced stress pattern should be altered. Research by Guan et al, [1][2][3] Gabzdyl et al, 4 Dye et al, 5 Bertaso et al 6,7 and van der Aa et al 8 has shown that the introduction of a localised active cooling source following the welding heat source at a short distance, can lead to minimisation of the buckling distortion, as shown in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This abnormal thermal field has a significant effect on the residual stress distribution, as was shown by both experimental and modelling work of the active research groups. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Welding with a trailing heat sink leads to a longitudinal residual stress distribution (parallel to the welding direction) with low or even compressive stresses around the weld zone and reduced compressive stresses at the plate edges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual model for stress and strain development during welding with trailing heat sink

Aa¹,

Hermans²,

Richardson³

2006

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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It has been proven by several research groups that welding with a trailing heat sink can reduce the buckling distortion of welded thin sheet. However, the transient mechanical behaviour during welding with a trailing heat sink was never fully understood. This paper presents a conceptual model that is capable of explaining both the longitudinal plastic strain and the longitudinal stress development during welding with an active cooling source. The model is based on an existing three bar model for stress and strain development during conventional welding. Comparison with three-dimensional finite element calculations shows that the model gives qualitatively realistic results. The model provides insight into the relevant mechanisms involved in stress development during welding with a trailing heat sink, which is essential for determining the optimum cooling source parameters.

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Control of laser weld distortion by thermal tensioning

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Friction stir welding of aluminium alloys

Friction stir welding of aluminium alloys

Effect of trailing heat sink on residual stresses and welding distortion in friction stir welding Al sheets

Conceptual model for stress and strain development during welding with trailing heat sink

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