Control of Infections by NK Cells

Tay, Chin Hun; Szomolanyi-Tsuda, Eva; Welsh, Raymond M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-46859-9_12

Cited by 71 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…The activity of NK cells against pathogens is mediated by the destruction of infected cells and secretion of IFN-γ. Early IFN-γ production regulates the early adaptive immune response [6,27], and is critical for activation of macrophages and cytotoxic T cells [18,27]. Therefore poor NK cell function is correlated with the susceptibility to viral and other microbial infections [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sugar Cane Extract on Pseudorabies Virus Challenge of Pigs

Dan-Yuan

Chien

Yeh

et al. 2006

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. This experiment aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sugar cane extract (SCE) on the modulation of porcine immunity against pseudorabies virus (PrV) infection. Twelve-week-old experimental pigs were fed with SCE (500 mg/kg of body weight per day) for 3 days and challenged with PrV (2 × 10 5 TCID 50 ) on the second day. Pigs that were only challenged with PrV and without SCE-treatment served as controls. The leukocyte functional assays were performed on the 7th and 14th day post-PrV challenge. Our results showed a significant enhancement (P<0.05) of natural killer cytotoxicity, lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytic function of monocytes, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production of CD4 + and γδ T cells in the SCE-treated pigs compared with the controls. In addition, SCE administration reduced the severity of clinical signs and brain lesion in the course of disease in PrV-challenged pigs. SCE-treated pigs showed a 12% growth enhancement compared with untreated controls. SCE administration had an immunostimulating effect on porcine immunity that may subsequently enhance protective activities against PrV infection which may be extensively applied in field for the prevention of infections. KEY WORDS: immunomodulation, interferon-gamma, leukocyte function, pseudorabies, sugar cane extract.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 68(3): 219-225, 2006 In recent years, porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) has become the major problem in most intensive pig farms causing massive economic loss. The causes of PRDC involve a complicated synergistic interaction between host immunocompetence, pathogens, and various stressors arising from the environment and management [28]. Pseudorabies virus (PrV) has been recognized as one of the most important primary pathogens for PRDC in fattening pigs [5,13,28] and antibiotics are commonly used to prevent secondary bacterial infections. As the abuse of antibiotics in veterinary medicine has been of particular concern from the viewpoint of public health, besides vaccination, major strategies against PRDC are to improve the managerial systems and environmental conditions and to modulate host immunocompetence.Sugar cane extract (SCE) is a natural product, which has displayed a wide range of biological effects including immunostimulation [11], anti-inflammatory activity [19], activity as a vaccine adjuvant [10], and anti-stress effects [4]. Studies on chickens indicate that SCE acts as an adjuvant and has a protective effect against Eimeria tenella infection [9]. Other effects of SCE including antibacterial activities [1,25], resistance to cold stress, and superoxide anion scavenging activity [26] have been reported. These results suggest that SCE can activate and enhance host natural immunity against infections. Our recent report also indicates that SCE can up-modulate porcine immunity, particularly in the enhancement of natural killer cytotoxicity which plays an important role in early viral infections [21]. Therefore, we are interested in elucidating the immunomodulatory function of SCE against vira...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sugar Cane Extract on Pseudorabies Virus Challenge of Pigs

Dan-Yuan

Chien

Yeh

et al. 2006

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…N atural killer cells are a central component of the innate immune response, comprising the first line of defense against a variety of tumors and microbial pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and fungal and other intracellular parasites (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). The lytic activity of NK cells is controlled by complex interactions of inhibitory and activating receptors with specialized signaling machinery (6 -9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of NK Cell-Activating Receptors and Their Ligands in the Lysis of Mononuclear Phagocytes Infected with an Intracellular Bacterium

Vankayalapati

Garg

Porgador

et al. 2005

The Journal of Immunology

179

144

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We studied the role of NK cell-activating receptors and their ligands in the lysis of mononuclear phagocytes infected with the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Expression of the activating receptors NKp30, NKp46, and NKG2D were enhanced on NK cells by exposure to M. tuberculosis-infected monocytes, whereas expression of DNAX accessory molecule-1 and 2B4 was not. Anti-NKG2D and anti-NKp46 inhibited NK cell lysis of M. tuberculosis-infected monocytes, but Abs to NKp30, DNAX accessory molecule-1, and 2B4 had no effect. Infection of monocytes up-regulated expression of the NKG2D ligand, UL-16 binding protein (ULBP)1, but not expression of ULBP2, ULBP3, or MHC class I-related chain A or chain B. Up-regulation of ULBP1 on infected monocytes was dependent on TLR2, and anti-ULBP1 abrogated NK cell lysis of infected monocytes. The dominant roles of NKp46, NKG2D, and ULBP1 were confirmed for NK cell lysis of M. tuberculosis-infected alveolar macrophages. We conclude that NKp46 and NKG2D are the principal receptors involved in lysis of M. tuberculosis-infected mononuclear phagocytes, and that ULBP1 on infected cells is the major ligand for NKG2D. Furthermore, TLR2 contributes to up-regulation of ULBP1 expression.

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“…11 and 12). Although some viruses are exquisitely sensitive to NK-cell-mediated antiviral effects, including vaccinia virus, certain other viruses, for example lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, are relatively refractory to NK-cell-mediated attack (11,12). NK cells display direct lytic activity toward vaccinia virus-infected cells (13), and the depletion of NK cells leads to enhanced replication of virus (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although some viruses are exquisitely sensitive to NK-cell-mediated antiviral effects, including vaccinia virus, certain other viruses, for example lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, are relatively refractory to NK-cell-mediated attack (11,12). NK cells display direct lytic activity toward vaccinia virus-infected cells (13), and the depletion of NK cells leads to enhanced replication of virus (11). To gain insights into how IL-15 cytokine, when present in the local microenvironment of inflammation and infection, modulates NK cell functions, we generated a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses IL-15, evaluated the course of vaccinial disease in immunodeficient athymic nude mice, and compared the effects to those of a recombinant virus expressing functionally related IL-2.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of virulence of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing IL-2 and IL-15 in immunodeficient mice

Perera

Goldman

Waldmann

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Contributed by Thomas A. Waldmann, February 16, 2001 IL-2 and -15 belong to the four ␣-helix bundle family of cytokines and display a spectrum of overlapping immune functions because of shared signal transducing receptor components of the IL-2 receptor complex. However, recent evidence suggests a nonredundant unique role for IL-15 in the establishment and perhaps maintenance of peripheral natural killer (

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Control of Infections by NK Cells

Cited by 71 publications

References 140 publications

Effects of Sugar Cane Extract on Pseudorabies Virus Challenge of Pigs

Effects of Sugar Cane Extract on Pseudorabies Virus Challenge of Pigs

Role of NK Cell-Activating Receptors and Their Ligands in the Lysis of Mononuclear Phagocytes Infected with an Intracellular Bacterium

Comparative assessment of virulence of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing IL-2 and IL-15 in immunodeficient mice

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