Control of<i>Verticillium dahliae</i>by Metam-Sodium in Loessial Soil and Effect on Potato Tuber Yields

Yephet, Y. Ben-

doi:10.1094/pd-67-1223

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Considerable research has been conducted on the use of metam‐sodium and its efficacy against soil‐borne pathogens 4–12. However, less emphasis has been directed at potential problems associated with its environmental fate and related health effects 13–17.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl isothiocyanate volatilization from fields treated with metam-sodium

2000

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Emission of methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) from ®elds treated with metam-sodium (sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate) is a potential environmental and human safety hazard. Concentrations of MITC at three heights above four arable ®elds were measured following the application of metamsodium at a rate of 480 litre ha À1 (166 kg AI ha À1 ). Two of these ®elds were treated by injection into a center-pivot irrigation system (chemigation), while in the other two ®elds the fumigant was applied through injection directly into the soil. Generally, higher MITC air concentrations were observed above chemigated than above injected ®elds. Maximum MITC air concentrations were 11.2 and 7.4 mg m À3 recorded 10 cm above ground 6±8 h following application and the minimum concentrations were 0.7 and 0.2 mg m À3 observed at 200 cm 30±35 h after application above chemigated and injected ®elds, respectively. The estimated MITC respiratory exposure a worker might encounter during the re-entry period ranged between 1.37 and 0.03 mg day À1 in chemigated ®elds and between 0.35 and 0.02 mg day À1 in the injected ®elds. These results suggest that application of the fumigant through injection reduced MITC volatilization losses in comparison with the chemigation method, thus posing a relatively lower risk of exposure to MITC emissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl isothiocyanate volatilization from fields treated with metam-sodium

2000

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“…The inoculum used in all experiments with MES was MS « 250 urn in diameter) of V.dahliae from potato stems (Ben-Yephet et al 1983). The MS were mixed with air-dried loessial soil at 10 4 / g and 0.5-to 1.0-g aliquots of this mixture were placed in 20urn-mesh nylon bags.…”

Section: Inoculum and Fungicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Wilt Diseases of Plants

1989

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PREFACEThis book is a collection of papers presented at a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held at Cape Sounion, Greece, in May of 1988. The primary objectives of the workshop were to bring together researchers who are involved in studies of vascular diseases of plants caused by bacterial and fungal pathogens, and whose primary involvement and approaches range from the ecological to the organismal, cellular and molecular. It was anticipated that the kind of interaction that would occur in an intimate meeting of several days duration, such as a NATO Workshop offers, would produce a broader appreciation and understanding of various aspects of wilt diseases, new levels of collaboration and, in the longer term, a more sound and broad base of measures for practical disease control.In all, eighteen lectures and twenty-seven research papers were presented. The first day was devoted to the life cycles of the pathogens, their colonization of root surfaces, entry into roots, and colonization of the vascular systems of plants. The second day was devoted to recognition phenomena, structural changes and physiological and biochemical interactions by which the plant defends itself and those by which the pathogen counters these processes and causes disease. On day three, these studies were carried to the genetic and molecular levels of understanding, principally for bacteria, but with exciting progress and prospects with fungi as well. Day four began the process of integrating these understandings with physical and biological components of the environment in ecological terms. Finally, day five was devoted to discussing comprehensive systems of control in light of the understandings gained during the week.The workshop was successful in its intended purpose of enhan-VI cing confluent thought at the ecological, organismal and molecular levels and, indeed, several collaborative ventures that cross these disciplinary lines were agreed upon or are being explored. For example, the use of immunohistochemistry has allowed far more precise studies of the colonization of epidermal and cortical tissues by species of Fusarium and Verticillium. The question arises, can these techniques not also be used to examine the colonization of roots by competing organisms found in suppressive soils with or without chemical additives, including fertilizers, that may enhance or reduce apparent suppressiveness? Again, colonization of epidermal and cortical tissues of roots by these species is commonplace and general along certain portions of roots, yet successful vascular colonization leading to apparent disease is a relatively rare event in comparison. Either suitable vascular infection courts or the conditions suitable for vascular infection must be of rare occurence. Can immunohistochemical procedures be used to help identify those places and conditions under which infection can take place, and if so, can we take steps to further reduce the frequency of successful vascular infection and colonization by pathogenic forms? Can genetic factors within the hos...

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“…Furthermore, no fungicides are labeled for use against Verticillium wilt unlike most other diseases that affect peanut. Soil fumigants, such as chloropicrin and metam sodium, are used to manage Verticillium wilt in potato (2,8). These products are also used to manage Verticillium wilt in other crops such as strawberry, tomato, and cauliflower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Soil Fumigants for Management of Verticillium Wilt of Peanut in Texas

Woodward¹,

Wheeler²,

Cattaneo³

et al. 2011

Plant Health Progress

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Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of the fumigants chloropicrin and metam sodium on soil populations of Verticillium dahliae, disease incidence, and peanut yield and grade. Chloropicrin was ineffective at reducing soil populations of V. dahliae. The application of chloropicrin provided a 7 to 10% reduction in incidence of Verticillium wilt; however, there was no effect on yield or grade. Applications of metam sodium reduced soil populations of V. dahliae, but did not impact disease incidence, yield, or grade. Although fumigants had a minor effect on V. dahliae and disease incidence, the lack of a response in yield or quality limits the use of these chemicals in a production system. Accepted for publication 13 January 2011. Published 23 March 2011.

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Control ofVerticillium dahliaeby Metam-Sodium in Loessial Soil and Effect on Potato Tuber Yields

Cited by 27 publications

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Methyl isothiocyanate volatilization from fields treated with metam-sodium

Methyl isothiocyanate volatilization from fields treated with metam-sodium

Vascular Wilt Diseases of Plants

Evaluation of Soil Fumigants for Management of Verticillium Wilt of Peanut in Texas

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