Control of hybrid boosting in highly diluted internal combustion engines

Abstract

<jats:p> A novel hybrid system enabling both flexible supercharging and limited torque assist is studied to mitigate transient response challenges of a turbocharged spark ignition engine equipped with low pressure exhaust gas recirculation. The hybrid system, called a power split supercharger (SC), is configured with a planetary gear set that splits the supercharging power between a small low-voltage electric motor and the engine crankshaft. The air path controller relies on the coordination of four actuators on the engine side and three low-level actuators on the hybrid boosting device. A decentralized control scheme is used in this work, in which the master–slave structure of the boost pressure controller decreases the turbo-lag associated with exhaust gas recirculation, while minimizing the SC operation for fuel economy. A vector reference governor is used to prevent compressor surge during engine tip-outs. In addition, the desired intake manifold pressure is modified to provide time for evacuating the exhaust gas recirculation and avoiding misfires when transitioning to low load, while the hybrid capability of the power split SC is used to recuperate the unwanted generated power. All controllers are validated on both a mean value engine model and a high-fidelity engine model. Practical challenges of implementing the vector reference governor to the highly nonlinear engine air path with pressure pulsations originating from the engine reciprocation are discussed and some solutions are proposed. </jats:p>

Review of engine control-oriented combustion models

“…In Figure 4, a CI high pressure-EGR (HP-EGR) loop is presented and is modeled by equations ( 8) to (11). In some SI and CI engines, a single low pressure-EGR (LP-EGR) loop is used 52,53 or combined with HP-EGR to form a dual-loop EGR system. 54,55 Grondin et al 54 provides mean mass flow formulae for dual-loop EGR systems below.…”