Control of horsenettle regeneration from root fragments with Chlorpropham

Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense L.) plants emerged at different times after corn (Zea mays L.) planting

“…In conclusion, an ≈ 2 week period free of horsenettle in corn fields maximizes the suppression of the weed, although complete suppression cannot be achieved. As suppression > 4 weeks seems unnecessary, possible pre‐emergence herbicides, such as chlorpropham, that provide sufficient suppression of the weed for ≥ 4 weeks (Ito et al . 2005) can be recommended for horsenettle control in corn.…”

“…However, they are not applicable to annual crops and therefore the weed must be controlled with pre‐emergence applications of soil‐applied herbicides. Among the soil‐applied herbicides commonly used in crop fields, chlorpropham (isopropyl m ‐chlorocarbanilate) prevented horsenettle shoot emergence (Ito et al . 2005).…”

“…Soil incorporation at the rate of 1.5 kg ai ha −1 of chlorpropham could give four weeks of complete inhibition of shoot emergence from fragmented roots in sandy loam and volcanic soils. But 2.0 kg ha −1 , a maximum recommended rate for corn, would be required to obtain the same result in silt and silt‐loam soil (Ito et al . 2005).…”

Establishing targeted control of creeping perennial weeds with soil‐active chemical injections: Assessment of subterranean bud responses in contact

“…The important point for success is to deliver and distribute the chemicals precisely to the zones of underground creeping systems, otherwise remain shallow in soil surface applications. For this capability, we already had an evidence that soil injected chlorpropham suppressed the regrowth of Fallopia japonica (Ito, unpublished) from deeply penetrated rhizomes, so well as found in Solanum carolinense from creeping roots with its soil incorporation (Ito, et al, 2005, Onen, Ito, & Imaizumi, 2006).…”

“…On the other hand, several soil‐active herbicides are also known to inhibit and/or disturb cell division or meristematic activities (Ito, 2000; Ito et al, 2005; Weed Science Society of America, 2017). Accordingly, we came up with an idea of applications of these chemicals by means of soil injection that is popular for soil sterilization in agriculture to kill fungi, nematodes and some weed propagules.…”