Control of foreign Ag‐specific Ab responses by Treg and Tfr

Wing, James B.; Lim, Ee Lyn; Sakaguchi, Shimon

doi:10.1111/imr.12888

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…Recently, a new Treg subset has been described in GC called follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr). These Tfr cells control Tfh-driven GC responses preventing induction of autoreactive and foreign antigen-specific antibodies ( 96 ). They control IgG and IgE responses to vaccines, allergens and autoantigens, and have a critical immunoregulatory function before GC formation ( 97 ).…”

Section: Roles Of Treg In Different Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex Role of Regulatory T Cells in Immunity and Aging

et al. 2021

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The immune system is a tightly regulated network which allows the development of defense mechanisms against foreign antigens and tolerance toward self-antigens. Regulatory T cells (Treg) contribute to immune homeostasis by maintaining unresponsiveness to self-antigens and suppressing exaggerated immune responses. Dysregulation of any of these processes can lead to serious consequences. Classically, Treg cell functions have been described in CD4+ T cells, but other immune cells also harbour the capacity to modulate immune responses. Regulatory functions have been described for different CD8+ T cell subsets, as well as other T cells such as γδT cells or NKT cells. In this review we describe the diverse populations of Treg cells and their role in different scenarios. Special attention is paid to the aging process, which is characterized by an altered composition of immune cells. Treg cells can contribute to the development of various age-related diseases but they are poorly characterized in aged individuals. The huge diversity of cells that display immune modulatory functions and the lack of universal markers to identify Treg make the expanding field of Treg research complex and challenging. There are still many open questions that need to be answered to solve the enigma of regulatory T cells.

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Section: Roles Of Treg In Different Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex Role of Regulatory T Cells in Immunity and Aging

et al. 2021

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“…Tregs are an important part of the immune system and are tasked with inhibition of self‐reactive T and B cells [35, 36]. However, they also have further functions beyond protection against autoimmunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deleting Tfr cells leads to increased GC size and GC B‐cell proliferation but also causes impaired affinity maturation and increased autoimmunity [37, 38]. Tfr cells can either directly confer inhibitory signals to B cells or modulate the GC response indirectly via interfering with interactions between Tfh cells and B cells [36, 39]. By these mechanisms Tfr cells can generally fine tune the GC response (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of the humoral type 2 immune response against allergens and helminths

Haase

Voehringer

2020

Eur J Immunol

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The type 2 immune response is associated with helminth infections and allergic inflammation where antibody production of the IgG1 and IgE isotypes can elicit protective or proinflammatory functions. Studies over the past few years revealed important new insights regarding the regulatory mechanisms orchestrating the humoral type 2 immune response. This includes investigations on B‐cell extrinsic signals, such IL‐4 and IL‐21, derived from different T‐helper cell subsets or discovery of new follicular helper T cells with regulatory or IgE‐promoting activities. In addition, studies on B‐cell intrinsic factors required for germinal center formation and class switch recombination, including the transcription factors STAT3, STAT6, and BCL‐6, led to a better understanding of these processes in type 2 immune responses. Here, we review the current understanding of mechanisms controlling humoral type 2 immunity in vivo including the generation of IgE‐producing plasma cells and the memory IgE response.

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“…An immunization or infection not only leads to the differentiation of Tfh cells, from naïve T cells, but also to the development of Tfr cells, predominantly from Treg cells [7,19]. In both cases, the process involves an initial interaction of the T or Treg cell with a DC, followed by a T‐B interaction [20–22]. It appears, however, that the requirements for Tfh and Tfr development are not exactly the same.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Micro RNAs in Tfh regulation: Small molecules with a big impact

Basto

Graça

2021

Eur J Immunol

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The germinal center (GC) reactions are critical for the production of high‐affinity antibodies that comprise the protective humoral response elicited by infection or vaccination. GCs are initiated through the interaction of B cells with T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. While the transcriptional regulation of Tfh differentiation has been studied in great detail, the impact of micro RNAs (miRNAs) on Tfh development and stability has been harder to address. It was previously shown that a complete deletion of miRNAs biogenesis prevents Tfh differentiation. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology [Eur. J. Immunol. 2021. 51: 408‐413], Zeiträg et al. use an inducible gene deletion approach to reveal that miRNAs are also required for the maintenance of Tfh cells induced following viral infection in mice. These results provide new clues to the regulation of GC responses through Tfh and T follicular regulatory cells.

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Control of foreign Ag‐specific Ab responses by Treg and Tfr

Cited by 43 publications

References 162 publications

The Complex Role of Regulatory T Cells in Immunity and Aging

The Complex Role of Regulatory T Cells in Immunity and Aging

Regulation of the humoral type 2 immune response against allergens and helminths

Micro RNAs in Tfh regulation: Small molecules with a big impact

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