Control of Fire Blight in Baden-Württemberg at the End of the Streptomycin Era

Fried, A.; Schell, Elmer M.; Moltmann, E.; Wensing, Annette

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2014.1056.5

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Treatment of plants with antibiotics could be employed for the control of fire blight, but their use in plant protection within the European Union has only been permitted on an emergency basis, under tightly restricted conditions (Fried et al 2013). In Algeria, antibiotics are also prohibited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Algerian Erwinia amylovora strains by VNTR analysis and biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas brassicacearum antagonists

et al. 2020

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Samples of pear shoots, blossoms and leaves showing typical fire blight symptoms were collected from diseased pear trees during spring and summer over a period of 3 years from orchards situated in the Mitidja region, a main pear producing area in Northern Algeria. From all collected plant samples, thirty-seven putative Erwinia amylovora strains were isolated and identified by biochemical, serological and molecular tests. Molecular typing of these strains was performed using six variable number of tandem repeats sequences (VNTRs). Minimal spanning trees showed that four different haplotypes were present within the bacterial population analyzed. The efficacy of twenty potential bacterial antagonists was evaluated in vitro against two E. amylovora pathogenic strains. Four antagonists (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus methylotrophicus and two Pseudomonas brassicaceaurum) were selected to perform a biocontrol assay on immature pear fruits. Results showed that the two Pseudomonas strains were the most effective for preventive treatment on pear fruits, leading to a necrosis reduction of up to 90%. No curative effect was observed. The four selected antagonists were characterized for features linked to biocontrol activity, such as biofilm, siderophores and biosurfactantproduction, motility, and effect of environmental conditions on bacterial growth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Algerian Erwinia amylovora strains by VNTR analysis and biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas brassicacearum antagonists

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, this agent might be suited to substitute streptomycin. Experiments under field conditions performed by other research groups using LMA showed similar results (Fried et al 2014;Kunz and Donat 2014). A mixed application of LMA together with several other agents commonly used in apple production is also possible (Scheer et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Extensive efficacy tests of non-antibiotic fire blight control agents

et al. 2020

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Application of control agents to prevent new infections is an integral part of disease management for fire blight on pome trees caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al.. Due to resistance development and human health concerns when using antibiotics, non-antibiotic control agents with high efficacy are urgently needed. In this study extensive efficacy tests with some classical antibiotic and relatively new non-antibiotic control agents for the prevention of bloom and shoot blight as well as phytotoxicity tests based on fruit russeting were carried out using young apple trees. Furthermore an experimental design for testing control agents preventing fire blight following hail injury was developed. The high efficacy of streptomycin (> 90%) and streptomycin containing spray strategies (> 80%) was confirmed. Non-antibiotic agents with high efficacy are LMA (85%), a potassium aluminum sulfate, and Juglon (80%). LMA is already in use in practice in Austria and Germany with a temporal and restricted permission and the administrative process to gain the legal status of a pesticide is ongoing whilst already admitted in Switzerland. Juglon, an organic compound from walnut, did show a high efficacy, but no consistent results (80.0 and 69.5%). Myco-Sin showed good results to prevent infection after artificial hail simulation. Antinfek showed high efficacy (90%) in preventing bloom blight, but could be tested only once so further research is needed to confirm this result. The design of the presented study enabled an extensive evaluation of the potential control agents and the aggregation and comparison of results and can be advised for other evaluations.

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“…Commercial products including 12 antibiotics and 8 copper compounds, either as single antibiotics (streptomycin, oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, and validamycin) and copper compounds (copper hydroxide, copper sulfate basic, tribasic copper sulfate, and copper oxychloride), or their mixtures have been registered by the Rural Development Adminis-tration of Korea (RDA) as active ingredients of commercial products for the fire blight control (Park et al, 2017). The use of antibiotics for plant protection has been either not permitted or prohibited in the European Union, United States, and Canada due to the increased risk of resistance problems and adverse environmental impacts (Fried et al, 2013;Mikiciński et al, 2020). However, Korea has permitted their use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Bacterial Antagonists to Develop an Effective Cocktail against Erwinia amylovora

Choi

Kim

et al. 2022

Res. Plant Dis

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Several types of chemical bactericides have been used to control fire blight. However, their excessive usage leads to environmental deterioration. Therefore, several researchers have analyzed antagonistic microorganisms as promising, effective, and safe biological control agents (BCAs). The primary aim of this study was to screen for potential antagonistic bacteria that suppress Erwinia amylovora. Among the 45 isolates studied, 5 strains showed the largest inhibition zone against E. amylovora. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified them as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (KPB 15), B. stratosphericus (KPB 21), B. altitudinis (KPB 25), B. safensis (KPB 31), and B. subtilis (KPB 39). KPB 25 and 31 reduced the lesion size of fire blight by 50% in immature apple fruits, and did not show antagonism against each other. Therefore, KPB 25 and 31 were selected to develop an antagonistic mixture against fire blight. Although the mixture with KPB 25 and 31 showed a slightly increased ability to reduce lesion size on immature fruits, they did not exhibit a synergistic effect in reducing E. amylovora population compared to each strain alone. Nevertheless, we have identified these two strains as useful and novel BCAs against fire blight with additional benefits safety and potential in developing a mixture without loss of their activity, owing to the absence of antagonism against each other.

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Control of Fire Blight in Baden-Württemberg at the End of the Streptomycin Era

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular characterization of Algerian Erwinia amylovora strains by VNTR analysis and biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas brassicacearum antagonists

Molecular characterization of Algerian Erwinia amylovora strains by VNTR analysis and biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas brassicacearum antagonists

Extensive efficacy tests of non-antibiotic fire blight control agents

Screening of Bacterial Antagonists to Develop an Effective Cocktail against Erwinia amylovora

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