Control of epilepsy with a single daily dose of phenytoin sodium.

Cocks, D A; Critchley, E. M. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1975.tb00555.x

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Considerable evidence has accumulated (Cocks, Critchley, Hayward, Owen, Mawer & Woodcock, 1975;Reynolds, Chadwick & Galbraith, 1976) that the total daily requirement of phenytoin can be taken in a single dose without an increase in side effects. The slightly greater fluctuation of steady-state phenytoin concentration does not impair seizure control and this is clearly the preferred regime of the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance with anticonvulsant therapy in a hospital clinic and in the community.

Mucklow¹,

Dollery²

1978

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1Seizure control, saliva anticonvulsant concentration, prescribing habits and compliance with anticonvulsant medication have been compared in 86 epileptic subjects attending either a specialist hospital clinic or general practice surgeries. 2 Of all subjects experiencing recurrent seizures 7096 had saliva concentrations of phenytoin below the range equivalent to the 'therapeutic range' of plasma concentration. Mean saliva phenytoin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two treatment settings and were low largely because of the low mean dosage prescribed. 3 Eleven subjects in all had no detectable phenytoin in their saliva and could clearly be identified as noncompliant. Freedom from seizures appeared to predispose to poor compliance in these subjects as well as among those admitting repeated omission of doses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance with anticonvulsant therapy in a hospital clinic and in the community.

Mucklow¹,

Dollery²

1978

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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“…3. Patients with epilepsy may experience convulsions if only 100 mg phenytoin is used at night, 85 however, one could control epilepsy with a single dose of 300 mg phenytoin daily, 86 allowing the epileptic patient to fast during Ramadan. 87 4.…”

Section: Use Of Medications During Ramadanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research in Islamic Fasting and Health

Azizi

2002

Ann Saudi Med

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Fasting during Ramadan is a religious duty for all healthy adult Muslims. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar. Many of the world's great religions recommend a period of fasting or abstinence. The Islamic fast during the month of Ramadan during which a whole month is dedicated to fasting is particular to Islam, and is strictly observed by millions of Muslims worldwide. Since more than a billion people worldwide follow Islam, it is assumed that hundreds of millions of people observe the Ramadan fasting each year. The experience of fasting teaches Muslims self-discipline and self-restraint, and reminds them of the feelings of the impoverished. Fasting is not obligatory for children. Menstruating women as well as sick and travelling people are excused, and pregnant and lactating women are permitted to postpone the fasting during Ramadan, however, they should fast during another month of the year, when they have no reason for exemption. 1,2 During Ramadan, the majority of Muslims have two good-sized meals; one immediately after sunset and the other just before dawn. They are allowed to eat and drink between sunset and dawn but not after dawn. Since the Islamic calendar derives from a lunar cycle, the Islamic year contains 354 days. Therefore, the Ramadan month occurs 11 days earlier every year, and may occur in any of the four seasons, making the length of fasting hours variable from 11 to 18 hours in tropical countries. The month of Ramadan is either 29 or 30 days.From the physiological standpoint, Islamic fasting provides a unique model of fasting. It is distinct from regular voluntary or experimental fasting by the fact that the observant of the fast does not drink during fasting hours. In addition, Ramadan fasting is not just disciplining the body to restrain from eating and drinking. The eyes, ears, tongue, and indeed the whole body, are equally obligated to be restrained. Therefore, one may assume that physiological changes occurring during Islamic fasting would be different from those noted during an experimental fast. This review discusses the findings of research conducted on various aspects of Ramadan fasting and its impact on some disease processes. A comparison with the effects of experimental fasting is attempted whenever possible. The author conducted a Medline search, reviewed local journals in some of the Islamic countries, as well as some research findings from two international congresses on health and Ramadan. 3,4 Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Metabolism Carbohydrate MetabolismThe effects of experimental short-term fasting on carbohydrate metabolism have been reviewed extensively. 5,6The post-absorptive period of fasting is defined as 8 to 16 hours after eating, a period of very early adaptation to starvation. The primary metabolic priority of this period is the provision of adequate glucose for the cells of the brain, red blood cells, peripheral nerves and renal medulla. A slight decrease in serum glucose to around 3.3-3.9 mmol/L (60-70 mg/dL) occurs a few hours after fasting i...

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“…Others may take their drugs at Iftar or Sahur (or both). A daily dose of 100 mg phenytoin at night may not be enough to control epilepsy [129] ; however, the condition could be controlled with a single dose of 300 mg phenytoin daily [130] , and still allow the patient to fast [131] . A single night time dose of long-acting oral anticoagulant medications could be prescribed without affecting the incidence of thromboembolic events or hemorrhagic complications [132] .…”

Section: Remarks and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Islamic Fasting and Health

2010

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Background: Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset during the month of Ramadan, the 9th lunar month. The duration of fasting varies from 13 to 18 h/day. Fasting includes avoidance of drinking liquids and eating foods. The aim of this article is to review health-related aspects of Ramadan fasting. Methods: Related abstracts from 1960 to 2009 were obtained from Medline and local journals in Islamic countries. One hundred and thirteen articles meeting the criteria for paper selection were reviewed in depth to identify details of related materials. Results: During the fasting days of Ramadan glucose homeostasis is maintained by meals taken before dawn and by liver glycogen stores. Changes in serum lipids are variable and depend on the quality and quantity of food consumption and changes in weight. Compliant, well-controlled type 2 diabetics may observe Ramadan fasting, but fasting is not recommended for type 1, noncompliant, poorly controlled and pregnant diabetics. There are no adverse effects of Ramadan fasting on the heart, lung, liver, kidney, eyes, hematologic profile, endocrine and neuropsychiatric functions. Conclusions: Although Ramadan fasting is safe for all healthy individuals, those with various diseases should consult their physicians and follow scientific recommendations.

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Control of epilepsy with a single daily dose of phenytoin sodium.

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Compliance with anticonvulsant therapy in a hospital clinic and in the community.

Compliance with anticonvulsant therapy in a hospital clinic and in the community.

Research in Islamic Fasting and Health

Islamic Fasting and Health

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