Control of drug aerosol in human airways using electrostatic forces

Balachandran, W.; Machowski, W.; Gaura, Elena; Hudson, Christopher R.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3886(97)00106-x

Cited by 76 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As the amount of charge was increased to half of Gauss' limit (the maximum charge a particle could hold), space charge forces overwhelmed and most particles deposited in the upper airways. [10] Similar effects of electrostatic forces on deposition were obtained by Bailey et al for 0.5-mm and 5-mm particles, but contributions from the space charge force were not considered as it was deemed unimportant. [8] Human scintigraphic results of inhaled radiolabelled droplets from a nebuliser agreed with the simulation data regarding the total deposition and deposition in the 'head', while in-vivo alveolar deposition was higher than the model prediction.…”

Section: Clinical Significance Of Aerosol Chargesmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…[6,7] Computational models Deposition of 2.2-mm particles with 1-200 elementary charges per particle increased in all airway generations, [10] similar effects for 0.5-mm and 5-mm particles. [8] Formulation and device…”

Section: Depositionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[7] Computational models of the deposition of charged particles in the lungs have been developed using a dichotomous airway model. [8][9][10] Bailey et al examined the complete respiratory cycle, including inhalation, pause and exhalation. [8,9,11,12] It was also applied to the administration of aerosol boli.…”

Section: Clinical Significance Of Aerosol Chargesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13] Although human airways are normally neutral, image charges with equal magnitude and opposite polarity to charged particles may be induced on the surfaces, especially inside small airways in the peripheral lung. [8,10] Balachandran et al found that the deposition of 2.2-mm particles was increased in all airway generations when the number of elementary charges per particle was increased from 1 to 200. [10] Space charge forces were predominant in the upper airways and image charge forces in the lower airways.…”

Section: Clinical Significance Of Aerosol Chargesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrostatics of pharmaceutical inhalation aerosols

Kwok¹,

Chan²

2009

j pharm pharmacol

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Objectives This review focuses on the key findings and developments in the rapidly expanding research area of pharmaceutical aerosol electrostatics. Key findings Data from limited in-vivo and computational studies suggest that charges may potentially affect particle deposition in the airways. Charging occurs naturally in the absence of electric fields through triboelectrification, that is contact or friction for solids and flowing or spraying for liquids. Thus, particles and droplets emitted from pulmonary drug delivery devices (dry powder inhalers, metered dose inhalers with or without spacers, and nebulisers) are inherently charged. Apparatus with various operation principles have been employed in the measurement of pharmaceutical charges. Aerosol charges are dependent on many physicochemical parameters, such as formulation composition, device construction, relative humidity and solid-state properties. In some devices, electrification has been purposefully applied to facilitate powder dispersion and liquid atomisation. Summary Currently, there are no regulatory requirements on characterising electrostatic properties of inhalation aerosols. As research in this area progresses, the new knowledge gained may become valuable for the development and regulation of inhalation aerosol products.

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Section: Clinical Significance Of Aerosol Chargesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Depositionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Clinical Significance Of Aerosol Chargesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Significance Of Aerosol Chargesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrostatics of pharmaceutical inhalation aerosols

Kwok¹,

Chan²

2009

j pharm pharmacol

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“…[14][15][16] Enhanced particle depositions in the airways due to electrostatic charges were demonstrated in animals and humans, in vitro replicas of airways, and numerical modeling. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Realizing that poor olfactory doses are primarily due to the absence of control of particle motions after their release, Xi et al numerically studied the electrophoretic guidance of charged particles by applying an electric field to the nose. 28 In combination with focal drug release, it was demonstrated that the olfactory dosage could reach 90% efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical optimization of targeted delivery of charged nanoparticles to the ostiomeatal complex for treatment of rhinosinusitis

Xi¹,

Yuan²,

April³

et al. 2015

IJN

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Background Despite the prevalence of rhinosinusitis that affects 10%–15% of the population, current inhalation therapy shows limited efficacy. Standard devices deliver <5% of the drugs to the sinuses due to the complexity of nose structure, secluded location of the sinus, poor ventilation, and lack of control of particle motions inside the nasal cavity. Methods An electric-guided delivery system was developed to guide charged particles to the ostiomeatal complex (OMC). Its performance was numerically assessed in an MRI-based nose–sinus model. Key design variables related to the delivery device, drug particles, and patient breathing were determined using sensitivity analysis. A two-stage optimization of design variables was conducted to obtain the best performance of the delivery system using the Nelder-Mead algorithm. Results and discussion The OMC delivery system exhibited high sensitivity to the applied electric field and electrostatic charges carried by the particles. Through the synthesis of electric guidance and point drug release, the new delivery system eliminated particle deposition in the nasal valve and turbinate regions and significantly enhanced the OMC doses. An OMC delivery efficiency of 72.4% was obtained with the optimized design, which is one order of magnitude higher than the standard nasal devices. Moreover, optimization is imperative to achieve a sound delivery protocol because of the large number of design variables. The OMC dose increased from 45.0% in the baseline model to 72.4% in the optimized system. The optimization framework developed in this study can be easily adapted for the delivery of drugs to other sites in the nose such as the ethmoid sinus and olfactory region.

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