CONTROL OF DEVELOPMENT IN <i>CHENOPODIUM ALBUM</i> L. BY SHADELIGHT: THE EFFECT OF LIGHT QUANTITY (TOTAL FLUENCE RATE) AND LIGHT QUALITY (RED.FAR‐RED RATIO)

Morgan, D. C.; Smith, Harry

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1981.tb01720.x

Cited by 106 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Whitelam, personal communication). Although developmental effects of low R:FR ratio are most striking in stem extension, correlative effects on leaf development have been reported (Child et al, 1981;Morgan and Smith, 1981). Figure 5 shows that low R:FR ratio treatment led to a reduction in leaf area in both wild type and h:y3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Selected Components of the Shade-Avoidance Syndrome Are Displayed in a Normal Manner in Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa Deficient in Phytochrome B

1993

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Several growth parameters associated with the phytochromemediated shade avoidance syndrome have been measured in seedlings and mature plants of a wild-type and a hy3 mutant of Arabidopsis fhaliana deficient in phytochrome B. Crowth parameters were compared in plants grown in either white light (high red:far-red [R:FR] ratio) or white light plus added far-red (FR) light (low R:FR ratio). Wild-type Arabidopsis exhibited increased hypocotyl and petiole extension under a low, compared with a high, R:FR ratio. l h e hy3 mutant did not respond to low R:FR ratio by increase in hypocotyl or petiole length. Extension growth of wildtype plants was stimulated by brief end-of-day FR pulses, but similar treatment had no effect on extension growth of hy3 mutant plants. However, some responses to low R:FR ratio seen i n the wild-type plants were also evident i n the hy3 mutants. l h e number of days to bolting, the developmental stage at bolting, the leaf area, and the specific stem weight (weight per unit of length) all decreased in the wild-type and hy3 seedlings i n response to low R:FR ratio. Low R:FR ratio caused a larger decrease in leaf area and specific stem weight i n the mutant seedlings than i n wild-type seedlings. l h e effects of low R:FR ratio on leaf area and specific stem weight were opposite to those of the hy3 lesion, which resulted in increased leaf area and specific stem weight in comparison with the wild type. Both leaf area and specific stem weight responses to low R:FR ratio also were unchanged in the ein mutant of Brassica rapa, known to be deficient i n phytochrome B. lhese responses represent components of the shade-avoidance syndrome, and, consequently, the results indicate that phytochrome B cannot be solely responsible for the perception of R F R ratio and the induction of shade-avoidance responses. l h e hypothesis is proposed that different phytochromes may be responsible for the regulation of extension growth and the regulation of lateral or radial expansion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Selected Components of the Shade-Avoidance Syndrome Are Displayed in a Normal Manner in Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa Deficient in Phytochrome B

1993

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“…Sparkes et al (2006) found that R:FR, rather than PAR, initiated tiller death in wheat and and Evers et al (2006) reported a relationship between R:FR and cessation of tiller appearance. As plants can detect changes in R:FR long before mutual shading takes place it seems that R:FR is acting as an 'early warning' of imminent PAR shading (Morgan and Smith, 1981;Ballaré et al, 1987) which would explain why final ear number was the same in Neu and Nat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morgan & Smith (1981) found that in Chenopodium album L. reductions in PAR led to increased leaf area while reductions in R:FR resulted in increased stem extension. Stuefer & Huber (1998), working with Potentilla spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the effects of PAR and R:FR on lodging‐associated characters of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Sparkes

King

2007

Annals of Applied Biology

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It has been previously demonstrated that large wheat canopies are more prone to lodging than smaller canopies and it has been suggested that this is because of the plant's response to changes in the light environment. However, it is unclear whether plants are responding to reduced light quantity (photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) or reduced light quality (red:far-red, R:FR). Two glasshouse experiments were designed, using shading materials and supplementary light, to manipulate PAR and R:FR independently, so that the response of lodging-associated characters of wheat could be ascribed to the different aspects of shade. The increase in lodging susceptibility associated with mutual plant shading was found to be because of both PAR and R:FR. Calculated stem failure wind speed and its component traits responded to shading entirely through their response to reductions in PAR. Ear number, which led to differences in plant leverage, was also explained by differences in PAR. In contrast, calculated anchorage failure wind speed and rooting traits demonstrated additional responses to R:FR, over and above those to PAR. Thus, the aspect of mutual plant shading responsible for increased lodging susceptibility of wheat varied between stem and root traits. PAR was solely responsible for changes in stem traits associated with lodging but R:FR played a role in determining rooting traits that affect the anchorage capacity of wheat plants.

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“…, 1995). Responses to reduced R : FR include rapid stem elongation with disproportionately less aboveground biomass allocated to leaves, reduced branching, greater specific leaf area, and changes in leaf shape and chlorophyll content (Morgan & Smith, 1981 ;Smith 1982 ;Weiner & Thomas, 1992 ;Schmitt & Wulff, 1993 ;Aphalo & Ballare! , 1995).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Above‐ground competition does not alter biomass allocated to roots in Abutilon theophrasti

1998

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We tested whether plants allocate proportionately less biomass to roots in response to above-ground competition as predicted by optimal partitioning theory. Two population densities of Abutilon theophrasti were achieved by planting one individual per pot and varying spacing among pots so that plants in the two densities experienced the same soil volume but different degrees of canopy overlap. Density did not affect root : shoot ratio, the partitioning of biomass between fine roots and storage roots, fine root length, or root specific length. Plants growing in high density exhibited typical above-ground responses to neighbours, having higher ratios of stem to leaf biomass and greater leaf specific area than those growing in low density. Total root biomass and shoot biomass were highly correlated. However, storage root biomass was more strongly correlated with shoot biomass than was fine-root biomass. Fine-root length was correlated with above-ground biomass only for the small subcanopy plants in crowded populations. Because leaf surface area increased with biomass, the ratio between absorptive root surface area and transpirational leaf surface area declined with plant size, a relationship that could make larger plants more susceptible to drought. We conclude that A. theophrasti does not reallocate biomass from roots to shoots in response to above-ground competition even though much root biomass is apparently involved in storage and not in resource acquisition.

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CONTROL OF DEVELOPMENT IN CHENOPODIUM ALBUM L. BY SHADELIGHT: THE EFFECT OF LIGHT QUANTITY (TOTAL FLUENCE RATE) AND LIGHT QUALITY (RED.FAR‐RED RATIO)

Cited by 106 publications

References 28 publications

Selected Components of the Shade-Avoidance Syndrome Are Displayed in a Normal Manner in Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa Deficient in Phytochrome B

Selected Components of the Shade-Avoidance Syndrome Are Displayed in a Normal Manner in Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa Deficient in Phytochrome B

Disentangling the effects of PAR and R:FR on lodging‐associated characters of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Above‐ground competition does not alter biomass allocated to roots in Abutilon theophrasti

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