Control of Crack Formation for the Fabrication of Crack-Free and Self-Isolated High-Efficiency Gallium Arsenide Photovoltaic Cells on Silicon Substrate

Oh, Sangyoon; Jun, Dong Hwan; Shin, Keun Wook; Choi, InHye; Jung, Sang Hyun; Choi, Jeongmin; Park, Wonkyu; Park, Yongjo; Yoon, Euijoon

doi:10.1109/jphotov.2016.2566887

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Enhancing energy conversion efficiency is one of the most important issues in today's global solar photovoltaic (PV) technology in which great effort and research have been made toward achieving higher conversion efficiency at lower production cost . However, the majority of PV cell types, such as Si, CuIn x Ga 1− x Se y S 1− y (CIGS), Cu 2 ZnSnS 4− x Se x (CZTS), GaAs, CdTe, dye‐sensitized (DSSC), perovskite, and organic solar cells, still suffer from low external quantum efficiency (EQE) in the UV wavelength region due to surface reflection, scattering, and thermalization losses, which limit conversion efficiency . These losses are mostly caused by the energy difference between the incident UV photons (>3.2 eV) and bandgap of PV cells (1.0–1.6 eV) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐Pot Gram‐Scale, Eco‐Friendly, and Cost‐Effective Synthesis of CuGaS₂/ZnS Nanocrystals as Efficient UV‐Harvesting Down‐Converter for Photovoltaics

Jalalah

Al-Assiri

Park

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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reflection, scattering, and thermalization losses, which limit conversion efficiency. [10] These losses are mostly caused by the energy difference between the incident UV photons (>3.2 eV) and bandgap of PV cells (1.0-1.6 eV). [11] If these photons are not surface reflected, their excess energy will be adversely dissipated in cells as heat via the nonradiative relaxation of the photoexcited electronhole pairs leading to further limitations and faster degradation of PV cells. [12] One of the most promising approaches to overcome these limitations is to implement the surfaces of PV devices with an energydownshift quantum-dot (EDS-QD) layer to harvest the wasted UV photons and reemit them at visible wavelengths absorbed more efficiently by PV cells. [13] Moreover, EDS-QDs have been well demonstrated as an effective layer that boosts the energy density, then the usage active area of PV cells could be reduced by the same percentage of enhancement in PV efficiency for a defined amount of power. Due to the enhanced efficiency along with the low cost of preparing EDS-QDs, the cost of PV electricity generation could be effectively minimized. [1d,14] For the abovementioned reasons, the concept of the EDS-QD layer was proposed for solar energy conversion for both increasing the efficiency and lessening the cost.Motivated by these purposes and attracted by their excellent optical properties, Cd-based core/shell QDs, such as CdSe/ CdS, [13c,15] CdSe/CdZnS, [16] CdSe/ZnS, [11b] and Cd 0.5 Zn 0.5 S/ ZnS [13b,17] QDs have been used recently as EDS layers. However, the relying on the Cd-based QDs in commercial solar cells has been limited due to two main reasons; the toxicity of Cd metal ions [18] and the self-reabsorption losses within their QDs. [13a] For the latter, Mn-doped Cd 0.5 Zn 0.5 S/ZnS QDs have been introduced more recently [13a,14a] as an excellent EDS-QD layer having free-self-reabsorption with large Stokes shift, yet with environmentally hazardous Cd material. [19] As a result, the quest for nontoxic high photoluminescence-quantum yield (PLQY) and the zero-self-reabsorption EDS-QD layer is a priority for their commercial applications.Alternatively, chalcogenide CIGS is one of the most promising semiconductor materials for EDS-QD layers due to its beneficial properties of large absorption coefficient (10 5 cm −1 ), [20] eco-friendly nature, [19,21] long-term stability, [22] It is presented for the first time nontoxic CuGaS 2 /ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with free-self-reabsorption losses and large Stokes shift (>190 nm) synthesized on an industrially gram-scale as an alternative for Cd-based energydownshift (EDS)-QD layers. The QDs exhibit a typical EDS that absorbs only UV light (<407 nm) and emits the whole range of visible light (400-800 nm) with a high photoluminescence-quantum yield of ≈76%. The straightforward application of these EDS-QDs on the front surface of a monocrystalline p-type silicon solar cell significantly enhances the short-circuit current density by ≈1.64 mA cm −2 (+4.20%); thereby, improving ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐Pot Gram‐Scale, Eco‐Friendly, and Cost‐Effective Synthesis of CuGaS₂/ZnS Nanocrystals as Efficient UV‐Harvesting Down‐Converter for Photovoltaics

Jalalah

Al-Assiri

Park

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Furthermore, the micro crack analysis on gallium arsenide (GaAs) PV solar cells has been carried out by S. Oh et al [12]. It was observed that the crack density, defined as the total length of the micro crack per unit area, is found to be in the range from 13.8 to 33.2 cm-1 in all investigated solar cell samples of 1620.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro cracks distribution and power degradation of polycrystalline solar cells wafer: Observations constructed from the analysis of 4000 samples

Dhimish

2020

Renewable Energy

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In this paper, the impact of Photovoltaic (PV) micro cracks is assessed through the analysis of 4000 polycrystalline silicon solar cells. The inspection of the cracks has been carried out using an electron microscopy, which facilitate the detection of the cracks though the acquisition of both Everhart-Thornley Detector (ETD) and the Back Scatted Electron Diffraction (BSED) image, where it was found that the size micro cracks are ranging from 50µm to a maximum of 4mm. Micro cracks have been categorized into two main categories, including cracks in the solar cell front or rear contact. Several remarkable observations have been found, including but not limited to, (i) the output power loss due to micro cracks varies from 0.9% to 42.8%, subject to micro crack type and size, (ii) cracks in solar cells fingers reduce the finger width, resulting an increase in the output power loss by at least 1.7%, and (iii) there is a substantial correlation between PV hot-spots and the presence of micro cracks, while minimum increase in the cell temperature is observed at 7.6 °C.

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“…The examination have been carried out using 27 different PV modules using EL imaging method, where the extreme micro cracks found in the PV modules is parallel to busbars with 50% relative occurrence. Moreover, the current-voltage curve analysis based on gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cells have been inspected by S. Oh et al [13]. It was evident that the yield voltage increases while decreasing the micro crack size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast High-Resolution Solar Cell Cracks Detection Process

Dhimish

Mather

2020

IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

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This paper presents the advancement of an ultrafast high-resolution cracks detection in solar cells manufacturing system. The aim of the developed process is to (i) improve the quality of the calibrated image taken by a low-cost conventional electroluminescent (EL) imaging setup, (ii) proposing a novel methodology to enhance the speed of the detection of the solar cell cracks, and finally (iii) develop a proper procedure to decide whether to accept or reject the solar cell due to the existence of the cracks. The proposed detection process has been validated on various cracked/free-crack solar cell samples, evidently it was found that the cracks type, size and orientation are more visible using the proposes method, while the speed of calibrating the EL images are in the range of 0.1s to 0.3s, excluding the EL imaging time.

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Control of Crack Formation for the Fabrication of Crack-Free and Self-Isolated High-Efficiency Gallium Arsenide Photovoltaic Cells on Silicon Substrate

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

One‐Pot Gram‐Scale, Eco‐Friendly, and Cost‐Effective Synthesis of CuGaS₂/ZnS Nanocrystals as Efficient UV‐Harvesting Down‐Converter for Photovoltaics

One‐Pot Gram‐Scale, Eco‐Friendly, and Cost‐Effective Synthesis of CuGaS₂/ZnS Nanocrystals as Efficient UV‐Harvesting Down‐Converter for Photovoltaics

Micro cracks distribution and power degradation of polycrystalline solar cells wafer: Observations constructed from the analysis of 4000 samples

Ultrafast High-Resolution Solar Cell Cracks Detection Process

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Control of Crack Formation for the Fabrication of Crack-Free and Self-Isolated High-Efficiency Gallium Arsenide Photovoltaic Cells on Silicon Substrate

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

One‐Pot Gram‐Scale, Eco‐Friendly, and Cost‐Effective Synthesis of CuGaS2/ZnS Nanocrystals as Efficient UV‐Harvesting Down‐Converter for Photovoltaics

One‐Pot Gram‐Scale, Eco‐Friendly, and Cost‐Effective Synthesis of CuGaS2/ZnS Nanocrystals as Efficient UV‐Harvesting Down‐Converter for Photovoltaics

Micro cracks distribution and power degradation of polycrystalline solar cells wafer: Observations constructed from the analysis of 4000 samples

Ultrafast High-Resolution Solar Cell Cracks Detection Process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

One‐Pot Gram‐Scale, Eco‐Friendly, and Cost‐Effective Synthesis of CuGaS₂/ZnS Nanocrystals as Efficient UV‐Harvesting Down‐Converter for Photovoltaics

One‐Pot Gram‐Scale, Eco‐Friendly, and Cost‐Effective Synthesis of CuGaS₂/ZnS Nanocrystals as Efficient UV‐Harvesting Down‐Converter for Photovoltaics