Control of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) Diseases with Intercropping of Maize (Zea mays L) and Spray of Plant Extracts

Falade, M. J.; Enikuomehin, O. A.; Borisade, O. A.; Aluko, M.

doi:10.9734/jamb/2017/38156

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…is endemic, destructive, and affects all the aerial organs of the crop. Thus, the disease remains one of the major biotic challenges to economic cowpea production in the sub-region, especially in Nigeria (Adegbite and Amusa 2008;Sabo et al 2014;Falade et al 2018). Colletotrichum destructivum O'Gara has been identified as the causal agent of the disease in Nigeria (Ogu and Owoeye 2013;Awurum and Enyiukwu 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) (var. Ife Brown) with Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara: A special reference to nutrients lost by the host

2021

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Abstract. Enyiukwu DN, Nwaogu GA, Bassey IN. 2020. Association of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) (var. Ife Brown) with Colletotrichum destructivum O'Gara: A special reference to nutrients lost by the host. Cell Biol Dev 4: 41-46. Cowpea or southern pea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is an important African grain and leafy vegetable. Anthracnose caused by C. destructivum represents a major biotic drawback to the profitable production of cowpeas in the incontinent. The disease culminates in the loss of grain yield, produce quality, and nutritional values of the crop. This work assessed and quantified the nutrients lost from the aerial organs of cowpea (var. Ife Brown) challenged by anthracnose disease in the field and storage 4 weeks after inoculation (WAI) by classical and spectrometric analyses. The results showed that the disease affected the nutrient contents of the inoculated crop's aerial organs, decreasing the mean quantities of all proximate constituents and major mineral nutrients such as calcium and phosphorus in the test plant materials. Amongst the aerial organs, fat was the most depleted nutrient (36.30%), followed by protein (28.52%), carbohydrate (26.67%), and crude fiber, with 20.04%, was the least. Generally, the highest mean loss of proximate nutrients due to anthracnose disease per organ of the test crop of 27.97% was recorded in the leaf sample, followed by 22.13% in the seeds and 18.03% in the husks was the least. Similarly, the highest mean mineral loss of 42.63 mg 100 g-1 occurred in the husks, followed by the stem (26.14 mg 100 g-1), while the seed recording (15.41 mg 100 g-1) was the least. Controlling this important fungal disease of the crop will undoubtedly result in better leaf, grain, and haulm quality, which will rub off as improved farm economy and public health in the continent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) (var. Ife Brown) with Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara: A special reference to nutrients lost by the host

2021

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“…These chemicals have an antibacterial activity and act as a defensive mechanism against harmful microbes (antibiosis). Researchers in South Africa (Falade et al, 2017;Ganiyu et al, 2018), India (Satpathy and Beura, 2020) and Bangladesh (Mondal et al, 2010) have employed such chemicals as biopesticides to control anthracnose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of plant extracts for the management of Cowpea anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

Satpathy,

Beura

2021

J. Current Opinion Crop Sci.,

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The fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is both seed and soil borne which is the causative of cowpea anthracnose. This causes a significant loss of the crop and becoming a major hindrance in its bumper productivity in all countries where such crop is grown. In order to find out an environment friendly, sustainable control protocol, experiments were conducted by taking eight different plant extracts against the pathogen. The extracts were applied to the plant samples after the 25th day of germination in the field. Application of neem followed by ginger, onion, garlic and tulsi extracts effectively reduce the percent disease incidence by 90%, 85%, 82%, 79% and 76%, respectively. Similarly, the percent green pod yield increased by 134,127, 114, 93 and 84, respectively over control as well as the cost-benefit ratio which can be recommended to the farming community.

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“…The crop serves as both vegetable and pulse crop. It remains a major provider of proteins, amino acids, essential vitamins, and minerals in many meat-scarce locations of tropical third worlds (Enyiukwu et al 2018;Falade et al 2018). Though the crop is important as biofertilizer in farming systems and a source of valuable amino acids in human nutrition, however, economic production of this important legume is deeply constrained by arthropod pests and pathogenic diseases; amongst which anthracnose ( Figure 1.B) is major (Adegbite and Amusa 2008;Akinbode and Ikotun 2008a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During no crop seasons, C. destructivum overwinters in the seed coats, cotyledons, crop thrash, or related crop debris until the next cropping season (Enyiukwu and Awurum 2013a;Enyiukwu et al 2014;Guarnaccia et al 2019). Under warm temperatures (27-28 o C especially at night), prolonged moist conditions or free moisture on susceptible host surfaces or soils (lasting 24-48 h); spores of the fungus germinate to initiate the disease on the crop (Miles et al 2013;Enyiukwu and Awurum 2013b;Falade et al 2018). Dark, depressed, irregularly shaped, watersoaked lesions develop on affected host stems, branches, petioles, and lamina ( Figure 1.B) which coalesce rapidly to girdle plant (Coates et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological aberrations and mode of damage of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) by Colletotrichum destructivum

2020

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Abstract. Enyiukwu DN, Amadioha AC, Ononuju CC. 2020. Histological aberrations and mode of damage of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) by Colletotrichum destructivum. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 16-23. Leaf and stem of healthy 2-week old cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) seedlings were inoculated with spore suspension of the Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara. Sections of the infection courts were prepared and examined under digital microscope. The results showed that the infection process began 12 hours after inoculation (hai) with the germination of spores of the fungus. Large multi-lobed primary hypha (somewhat spherical in shape) developed from the infection peg and remained inside a single epithelial cell for about 3 days. Towards the end of this time, the primary hyphae developed thin filamentous tentacles that punctured and branched into adjoining cells, initiating necrotrophic phase of the disease. During this period, typical anthracnose symptoms began to develop on the infected organs of the crop. The entire infection process lasted a maximum of 96 h, at the end of which acervulus that bore a single seta emerged on infected crop lesions. The mechanism of damage of the pathogen involved intra-cellular and inter-cellular colonization of the host tissues early and late in the disease cycle. The integrity of the affected tissues' cells was compromised by passage and colonization of Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara evidenced by lack of clear-cut middle lamella and cell boundaries. Anthracnose affected cells dispossessed of vital nutrients became turbid, devoid of turgidity and vigor. Thus, these results have strong implications for plant health management in that effective environment-compliant control of the fungus should be initiated on or before the third day following arrival of the conidia of the pathogen on the crop. Seeds are major agents of introduction of Colletotrichum spp. to disease-free locations. Findings from this study also support that strong trans-border control of seeds of the crop should be maintained since the pathogen is known to be seed-borne and demonstrates sufficient cross-infection of crop plants. Key words: Hemibiotrophy, Colletotrichum destructivum, Anthracnose, Cowpea, Hyphal colonization

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Control of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) Diseases with Intercropping of Maize (Zea mays L) and Spray of Plant Extracts

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Association of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) (var. Ife Brown) with Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara: A special reference to nutrients lost by the host

Association of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) (var. Ife Brown) with Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara: A special reference to nutrients lost by the host

Evaluation of plant extracts for the management of Cowpea anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

Histological aberrations and mode of damage of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) by Colletotrichum destructivum

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