Control of composite oilfield scales and deposits

Feng, Chongqin; Zhang, Ping

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822896-8.00009-1

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…8 Moreover, oil and gas extraction is challenged by the buildup of inorganic scales like CaSO 4 at oil−water interfaces. 9 These accumulations impede flow rates, reduce the efficiency of crude oil extraction, cause productivity losses and operational downtime, degrade equipment, and increase maintenance expenses. 10 distinctive attributes of CaSO 4 scales, which exhibit exceptional hardness, adhere robustly to surfaces, and are nearly insoluble in conventional solvents and mineral acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In oil spill remediation, particle formation at the oil–water interface complicates the cleaning process, further disrupting ecosystems by decreasing oxygen levels and light penetration and increasing the uptake of pollutants . Moreover, oil and gas extraction is challenged by the buildup of inorganic scales like CaSO 4 at oil–water interfaces . These accumulations impede flow rates, reduce the efficiency of crude oil extraction, cause productivity losses and operational downtime, degrade equipment, and increase maintenance expenses .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Roles of Oil–Water Interfaces in Forming Ultrasmall CaSO₄ Nanoparticles

Wang,

Zhu,

Gupta

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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In natural and engineered environmental systems, calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ) nucleation commonly occurs at dynamic liquid−liquid interfaces. Although CaSO 4 is one of the most common minerals in oil spills and oil−water separation, the mechanisms driving its nucleation at these liquid−liquid interfaces remain poorly understood. In this study, using in situ small-angle Xray scattering (SAXS), we examined CaSO 4 nucleation at oil−water interfaces and found that within 60 minutes of reaction, short rodshaped nanoparticles (with a radius of gyration (R g ) of 17.2 ± 2.7 nm and a length of 38.2 ± 5.8 nm) had formed preferentially at the interfaces. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) analysis identified these nanoparticles as gypsum (CaSO 4 •2H 2 O). In addition, spherial nanoparticles measuring 4.1 nm in diameter were observed at oil− water interfaces, where surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) revealed an elevated pH compared to the bulk solution. The negatively charged oil−water interfaces preferentially adsorb calcium ions, collectively promoting CaSO 4 formation there. CaSO 4 particle formation at the oil−water interface follows a nonclassical nucleation (N-CNT) pathway by forming ultrasmall amorphous spherical particles which then aggregate to form intermediate nanoparticles, subsequently growing into nanorod-shaped gypsum. These findings of this study provide insights into mineral scaling during membrane separation and can inform more efficient oil transport in energy recovery systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Oil–Water Interfaces in Forming Ultrasmall CaSO₄ Nanoparticles

Wang,

Zhu,

Gupta

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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show abstract

“…To overcome these issues, the most cost-effective and widely adopted engineering solution for controlling scale deposition and corrosion is the application of chemical inhibitors, including scale inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors [18][19][20]. Scale inhibitors are chemical substances, such as the phosphonates, polyacrylates, and poly-maleates, added in a low dose (typically in the level of a few mg L −1 ) to the brine to delay or retard the formation of scale [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Phosphorus-Based Polymers for Mineral Scale and Corrosion Control in Oilfield

Liu

Zhang

2022

Polymers

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Production chemistry is an important field in the petroleum industry to study the physicochemical changes in the production system and associated impact on production fluid flow from reservoir to topsides facilities. Mineral scale deposition and metal corrosion are among the top three water-related production chemistry threats in the petroleum industry, particularly for offshore deepwater and shale operations. Mineral scale deposition is mainly driven by local supersaturation due to operational condition change and/or mixing of incompatible waters. Corrosion, in contrast, is an electrochemical oxidation–reduction process with local cathodic and anodic reactions taking place on metal surfaces. Both mineral scaling and metal corrosion can lead to severe operational risk and financial loss. The most common engineering solution for oilfield scale and corrosion control is to deploy chemical inhibitors, including scale inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors. In the past few decades, various chemical inhibitors have been prepared and applied for scaling and corrosion control. Phosphorus-based polymers are an important class of chemical inhibitors commonly adopted in oilfield operations. Due to the versatile molecular structures of these chemicals, phosphorus-based polymeric inhibitors have the advantage of a higher calcium tolerance, a higher thermal stability, and a wider pH tolerance range compared with other types of inhibitors. However, there are limited review articles to cover these polymeric chemicals for oilfield scale and corrosion control. To address this gap, this review article systematically reviews the synthesis, laboratory testing, and field applications of various phosphorus-based polymeric inhibitors in the oil and gas industry. Future research directions in terms of optimizing inhibitor design are also discussed. The objective is to keep the readers abreast of the latest development in the synthesis and application of these materials and to bridge chemistry knowledge with oilfield scale and corrosion control practice.

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Control of composite oilfield scales and deposits

Cited by 2 publications

References 54 publications

The Roles of Oil–Water Interfaces in Forming Ultrasmall CaSO₄ Nanoparticles

The Roles of Oil–Water Interfaces in Forming Ultrasmall CaSO₄ Nanoparticles

Review of Phosphorus-Based Polymers for Mineral Scale and Corrosion Control in Oilfield

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Control of composite oilfield scales and deposits

Cited by 2 publications

References 54 publications

The Roles of Oil–Water Interfaces in Forming Ultrasmall CaSO4 Nanoparticles

The Roles of Oil–Water Interfaces in Forming Ultrasmall CaSO4 Nanoparticles

Review of Phosphorus-Based Polymers for Mineral Scale and Corrosion Control in Oilfield

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The Roles of Oil–Water Interfaces in Forming Ultrasmall CaSO₄ Nanoparticles

The Roles of Oil–Water Interfaces in Forming Ultrasmall CaSO₄ Nanoparticles