Control of Citrus Huanglongbing via Trunk Injection of Plant Defense Activators and Antibiotics

Hu, Jiahuai; Jiang, Junxi; Wang, Nian

doi:10.1094/phyto-05-17-0175-r

Cited by 132 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…There are no effective methods to control HLB once established. Recently, many antibiotics have been adopted to control CLas bacteria; examples include the trunk injection of penicillin, streptomycin and oxytetracycline hydrochloride [1,4]. However, these approaches do not work well in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analyses of Diaphorina citri Midgut Responses to Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus Infection

Zeng

et al. 2020

Insects

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The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is an important transmission vector of the citrus greening disease Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). The D. citri midgut exhibits an important tissue barrier against CLas infection. However, the molecular mechanism of the midgut response to CLas infection has not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, we identified 778 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the midgut upon CLas infection, by comparative transcriptome analyses, including 499 upregulated DEGs and 279 downregulated DEGs. Functional annotation analysis showed that these DEGs were associated with ubiquitination, the immune response, the ribosome, endocytosis, the cytoskeleton and insecticide resistance. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that most of the DEGs were primarily involved in endocytosis and the ribosome. A total of fourteen DEG functions were further validated by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). This study will contribute to our understanding of the molecular interaction between CLas and D. citri.Insects 2020, 11, 171 2 of 16 poisoning of farmers, environmental pollution and insect resistance [8,9]. Some researchers have focused on the olfactory system of D. citri, revealing a suite of odorants that can be used to develop affordable and safe odor-based surveillance for D. citri control [10]. Yu et al. revealed that the silencing of D. citri muscle protein 20 (DcMP20) resulted in significant mortality and reduced the body weight of D. citri [11]. By RNA interference (RNAi) technology, the knockdown of D. citri tropomyosin1-X1 (DcTm1-X1) significantly increased the mortality rate of nymphs [12]. Although some success regarding the control of D. citri has been achieved, the threats caused by HLB are going to continue. It is essential to investigate the molecular mechanisms of HLB transmission in D. citri.Both D. citri adults and nymphs can transmit CLas. Recent studies suggested that the pathogen multiplies in D. citri after acquisition and becomes distributed among various internal tissues, including the alimentary canal, salivary glands, hemolymph, filter chamber, midgut, fat body, muscle tissues and ovaries [13][14][15]. Among these tissues, the midgut is the first barrier that the bacterium must breach before entry into the hemolymph, indicating that the midgut plays an important role in CLas infection [16]. Pathogens can manipulate the host's essential biological processes during the host-pathogen interaction, e.g., by changing protein translation, vesicular transport and protein metabolism [17,18]. In the midgut, many genes and proteins are involved in the defense against pathogens. Wang et al. identified 869 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Bombyx mori larval midgut via comparative transcriptome analysis. The results showed that many of the DEGs were associated with protein metabolism, the cytoskeleton and apoptosis [19]. Bao et al. performed a transcriptome-wide analysis on the Nilaparvata lugens intestine, an...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analyses of Diaphorina citri Midgut Responses to Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus Infection

Zeng

et al. 2020

Insects

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“…In contrast, biological approaches have fewer side effects and thus have become more important in recent years. However, many previous HLB studies focused on antibiotics, biocontrol microorganisms or HLB‐mediating pathways (Blaustein et al, ; Hu, Jiang, & Wang, ), but ignored the biological function of the soil in plant disease treatment. Healthy soil is known to benefit the plant (Raaijmakers & Mazzola, ) by not only supplying nutrition to the plant but also promoting the plant to defend against pathogenic organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering bacterial community variation during soil and leaf treatments with biologicals and biofertilizers to control huanglongbing in citrus trees

Bai

Wang

Jin

et al. 2019

Journal of Phytopathology

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The aim of the current study was to gain a clearer understanding of the bacteria involved in different treatments to control huanglongbing in citrus trees. The treatments included additions in soil or on leaf. In soil, there were two treatments, one was addition of biofertilizer mainly consisting of Brevibacillus laterosporus, and another one was the addition of burnt lime. On leaf treatment, a plant immunity inducer, Atailing spray, which is a fermented fungal protein product, was used. Besides, there was an integrative treatment including the above additions both in soil and on leaf. The control treatments had no addition. The growth of infected citrus plants was significantly improved by these treatments. We sampled soil under crown circumference, rhizosphere soil and roots, stems and leaves of the citrus trees. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA marker using Illumina methods was applied to determine the bacterial community composition of the samples. The results showed that in the soil samples under crown circumference, treatments increased the relative abundance of the genera Bradyrhizobium and Norank_f__Acidobacteriaceae__Subgroup_1_ compared with the control. In the rhizosphere soil samples, treatments increased the relative abundance of the genus Burkholderia–Paraburkholderia compared with the control. Atailing spray influenced the relative abundance of the bacterial genus norank_f__Acidobacteriaceae__Subgroup_1_ in the rhizosphere soil, as well as Pseudomonas in citrus leaves. Furthermore, 6 months after the treatments, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacilli at the class level was significantly increased in citrus plant leaves in the group treated with Atailing spray, biofertilizer and burnt lime. Overall, certain bacteria were stimulated by treatments, and the leaf‐associated bacterial communities had important indicators for the health of the citrus endophytic environment. These results provided a theoretical foundation for the development of biological approaches for huanglongbing treatment.

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“…Control has been attempted through spraying of trees with human relevant antibiotics, which has concerns for antimicrobial resistance . Better control has been seen with combination of antibiotic and salicylic acid, a plant defense molecule, though no cure is yet reported. These observations underscore the critical importance of taking a global view of the host environment of both viral and bacterial flora when investigating factors promoting disease progression and transmission.…”

Section: Impact Of Co‐infections On Pathogen Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Close Encounters of the Viral Kind: Cross‐Kingdom Synergies at the Host–Pathogen Interface

Rowe

Rosch

2019

BioEssays

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The synergies between viral and bacterial infections are well established. Most studies have been focused on the indirect mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, including immune modulation and alterations to the mucosal structures that promote pathogen outgrowth. A growing body of evidence implicates direct binding of virus to bacterial surfaces being an additional mechanism of synergy at the host-pathogen interface. These cross-kingdom interactions enhance bacterial and viral adhesion and can alter tissue tropism. These bacterial-viral complexes play unique roles in pathogenesis and can alter virulence potential. The bacterial-viral complexes may also play important roles in pathogen transmission. Additionally, the complexes are recognized by the host immune system in a distinct manner, thus presenting novel routes for vaccine development. These synergies are active for multiple species in both the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, indicating that direct interactions between bacteria and virus to modulate host interactions are used by a diverse array of species.

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Control of Citrus Huanglongbing via Trunk Injection of Plant Defense Activators and Antibiotics

Cited by 132 publications

References 48 publications

Transcriptome Analyses of Diaphorina citri Midgut Responses to Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus Infection

Transcriptome Analyses of Diaphorina citri Midgut Responses to Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus Infection

Deciphering bacterial community variation during soil and leaf treatments with biologicals and biofertilizers to control huanglongbing in citrus trees

Close Encounters of the Viral Kind: Cross‐Kingdom Synergies at the Host–Pathogen Interface

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