Control of chromium concentrations in food plants. 1. Absorption and translocation of chromium by plants

Cary, E. E.; Allaway, W. H.; Olson, O. E.

doi:10.1021/jf60210a048

Cited by 126 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Chromium may be absorbed by plant roots as Cr(III) or Cr(VI), it is poorly translocated and largely retained in roots, independently of Cr form that has been taken up [26,31,32]. The two ions do not share a common uptake mechanism: the uptake of Cr(III) is largely a passive process, whereas the uptake of Cr(VI) is mediated by low affinity sulphate carriers, specific for the uptake of essential metals [29,30,33,34] and quickly converted to Cr(III) in roots by Fe(III) reductase enzymes [31].…”

Section: Chromium In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example in bean, only 0.1% of the total Cr accumulated was found in the seeds while 98% remained in the roots [29,33]. Even though the tendency to retain Cr in roots is common to all plant species studied thus far by various workers, there are quantitative differences among plant species in this regard [32]: the highest concentrations of Cr were found in species of the Brassicaceae family [31].…”

Section: Chromium In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromium-Containing Organic Fertilizers from Tanned Hides and Skins: A Review on Chemical, Environmental, Agronomical and Legislative Aspects

Ciavatta¹,

Manoli²,

Cavani³

et al. 2012

JEP

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A category of chromium (Cr)-containing fertilizers is represented by the fertilizers deriving from byproducts of tanning process. Their use is widespread because of their good agronomic response due to the high content of slow release or- ganic nitrogen (N) and carbon (C). They do not represent an environmental hazard because only the non-toxic form of Cr(III) is present. Productive processes may involve chemical, enzymatic or thermal hydrolysis. The final product is characterized by different contents of peptides and free amino acids depending on the type of hydrolysis. Legislation concerning Cr-containing fertilizers is controversial because often do not consider any scientific evidences; nevertheless, the European Union, the United States and countries as Italy, do not set the restriction to Cr(III) and generally only the presence of the toxic form, Cr(VI), is limited. Depending on its two main oxidation forms, Cr issue has been studied for many years. Several authors confirmed that Cr(VI) is carcinogenic, while Cr(III) is an essential trace element in human and animal diet. In soil Cr(III) has low mobility, whereas Cr(VI) is highly water soluble. However Cr(VI) in soil is quickly reduced to Cr(III); on the contrary oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) is rarely possible because particular conditions must occur. Only a very small fraction of Cr in soil is available to plant uptake and its translocation in edible parts is limited because it is immobilized in roots as Cr(III). Therefore risks of environmental pollution using these fertilizers are negligible; on the contrary they have positive environmental and agronomical effects. The aim of this review is to deal with the category of the organic fertilizers containing Cr derived from tannery processes focusing on its chemical, productive, legislative, environmental and agronomical aspects. Special attention is given to the ambiguous issue of Cr briefly summarizing the most important studies of the last forty years.

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Section: Chromium In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chromium In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium-Containing Organic Fertilizers from Tanned Hides and Skins: A Review on Chemical, Environmental, Agronomical and Legislative Aspects

Ciavatta¹,

Manoli²,

Cavani³

et al. 2012

JEP

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“…There are reports that Fe-and P-deficient plants can better transport Cr from roots to shoots. [24,40] Iron-and P-deficiency induce accumulation of organic acids (i.e. citric acid), [41] which may play an important role in Cr translocation.…”

Section: Davies Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[37] Chromium concentration was greatest in the roots, intermediate in shoots and lowest in leaves. Chromium is predominately accumulated in plant roots, [24] and in Thlaspi sp. was reported to be immobilized in the roots.…”

Section: Davies Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that Cr predominantly exists in two forms in soil: as a trivalent cation {( [21,22,23] Chromium (III) readily precipitates in soil, whereas greater environmental pollution problems occur with the more mobile and toxic Cr(VI). [24,25] Hence, this research was conducted to determine the effects of Glomus intraradices (Schenck and Smith) in the phytoremediation of Cr using sunflower seedlings (Helianthus annuus L.). Sunflower is a high biomass plant with high metal accumulating ability, but low Cr tolerance compared to other agronomic crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycorrhizal Fungi Increase Chromium Uptake by Sunflower Plants: Influence on Tissue Mineral Concentration, Growth, and Gas Exchange

Davies

Puryear

Newton

et al. 2002

Journal of Plant Nutrition

172

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As a potential phytoremediation system for phytoextraction of chromium (Cr), we evaluated the influence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on leaf tissue elemental composition, growth and gas exchange of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Sunflower seedlings were either inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi (AM) or non-inoculated (Non-AM) and then exposed to two Cr species: {12 mmol of trivalent cation (Cr þ3 ) [Cr(III)] or 0.1 mmol of divalent dichromate anion (Cr 2 O 7 À ) [Cr(VI)]}. Both Cr species depressed plant growth, decreased stomatal conductance (g s ) and net photosynthesis (A).

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Metal Ions and Plant Nutrition

Mehra

Farago

1994

Plants and the Chemical Elements

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Control of chromium concentrations in food plants. 1. Absorption and translocation of chromium by plants

Cited by 126 publications

References 12 publications

Chromium-Containing Organic Fertilizers from Tanned Hides and Skins: A Review on Chemical, Environmental, Agronomical and Legislative Aspects

Chromium-Containing Organic Fertilizers from Tanned Hides and Skins: A Review on Chemical, Environmental, Agronomical and Legislative Aspects

Mycorrhizal Fungi Increase Chromium Uptake by Sunflower Plants: Influence on Tissue Mineral Concentration, Growth, and Gas Exchange

Metal Ions and Plant Nutrition

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