Control of Charge Dynamics via Use of Nonionic Phosphonate Chains and Their Effectiveness for Inverted Structure Solar Cells

Kim, Gyoungsik; Song, Seyeong; Lee, Jung-Ho; Kim, Taehyo; Lee, Tack Ho; Walker, Bright; Kim, Jin Young; Yang, Changduk

doi:10.1002/aenm.201500844

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Synthesis of PIIG‐X Polymers : PIIG–Np, PIIG–BT, and PIIG–TVT were synthesized via either Pd‐catalyzed Stille or Suzuki polycondensation reported previously in the literature, respectively. [5a], The 1 H NMR and elemental analysis assignments were in full agreement with that previously reported ones. (See below)…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The IIG polymers were synthesized according to previous reports (see the details in experimental section). [5a], The IIG polymers were spin‐coated onto pre‐deposited Au electrodes followed by spin‐coating dielectrics to form top‐gate, bottom‐contact OFETs, as schematically illustrated in Figure . Figure shows representative transfer and output characteristics, and Table 1 summarizes the basic transistor parameters (the scanning with positive gate voltage is in Figure S2, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, these groups have been widely adapted in synthesizing D–A semiconducting polymers. PIIG–Np, PIIG–BT, and PIIG–TVT polymers were synthesized by Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki (PIIG–Np) and Stille (PIIG–BT and PIIG–TVT) cross‐coupling according to the literature[5a], and applied in the active layer of top‐gate and bottom‐contact (TG/BC) OFETs with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or CYTOP as a gate dielectric layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Donor Molecular Structure and Gate Dielectric on Charge‐Transporting Characteristics for Isoindigo‐Based Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers

Park

Kim

Yang

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

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with CYTOP dielectric though the BT units have less planarity than the TVT and Np units. The reasons for the different mobility in IIG-based polymers are studied by analyzing the energy structure by absorption spectra, calculating transport levels by density functional theory, investigating the in-and out-of-plane crystallinity of thin film by grazing-incidence wideangle X-ray scattering, and extracting key transport parameters via lowtemperature measurements. By combining theoretical, optical, electrical, and structural analyses, this study finds that the large difference in OFET mobility mainly originates from the transport disorders determined by the different microcrystal structure, rather than the intrinsic transport properties in isolated chains for different polymers. bithiophene (BT), and thiophene-vinylene-thiophene (TVT). These three groups are selected because they are of the similar size and thus should give similar contribution to electron density to the semiconducting polymers, simplifying the comparative study. In addition, these groups have been widely adapted in synthesizing D-A semiconducting polymers. PIIG-Np, PIIG-BT, and PIIG-TVT polymers were synthesized by Pd-catalyzed Suzuki (PIIG-Np) and Stille (PIIG-BT and PIIG-TVT) cross-coupling according to the literature [5a,6,8] and applied in the active layer of top-gate and bottom-contact (TG/BC) OFETs with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or CYTOP as a gate dielectric layer.All OFETs showed stable p-type transistor characteristics, but a huge mobility difference was observed among polymers with different donor units. Though the BT unit has less planarity than the Np and TVT units and is not considered the best partner for charge transport, PIIG-BT OFETs showed 50 times higher hole mobility (0.63 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ) than PIIG-TVT and PIIG-Np ones of ≈ 0.01 cm 2 V −1 s −1 (with CYTOP dielectric). The reasons for the structure-property relationship are studied here by a combination of various analyses: (i) Analyzing energy structure by absorption spectra; (ii) calculating transport levels by density functional theory (DFT); (iii) investigating the inand out-of-plane crystallinity of thin film by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS); and (iv) extracting key transport parameters via low-temperature measurements. The large difference in OFET mobility mainly originates from the transport disorders determined by the different microcrystal structure, rather than the intrinsic transport properties in isolated chains for different polymers. In particular, PIIG-BT polymer exhibits a special crystal structure and the highest crystalline degree, which apparently benefits the charge transport occurring in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Donor Molecular Structure and Gate Dielectric on Charge‐Transporting Characteristics for Isoindigo‐Based Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers

Park

Kim

Yang

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

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“…After treatment, a very rough surface was observed on the non‐additive film, with RMS roughness values that were as high as 4.80 nm. This significant morphology change may lead to poor contact between the active layer and the electrode as well as unfavorable conditions for charge separation and transport . Accordingly, a significant decrease in device performance is observed for the non‐additive device after annealing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thick‐Film High‐Performance Solar Cells with a C₆₀‐Containing Polystyrene Additive

et al. 2019

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In this study, a C60‐containing polystyrene (PS‐C60) is used as an effective polymer additive for thick‐film high‐performance polymer solar cells, which are necessary for performing roll‐to‐roll mass production in the future. The PS‐C60‐processed device exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.34 ± 0.10%; the PCE is still high (7.30 ± 0.10%) for an active layer thickness of 450 nm, which is more than twice that observed in non‐additive devices (3.11 ± 0.15%). The usage of PS‐C60 results in an efficient exciton dissociation and charge extraction, less bimolecular recombination, and superior charge transport. These effects lead to an improved device performance, even with a thick active layer. Surprisingly, PS‐C60 also helps the film to retain its morphology at high temperatures, thereby improving its thermal stability. The PS‐C60 device retains ≈90% of the initial PCE after conducting a high‐temperature treatment, whereas a remarkable decrease (≈55%) is observed in case of the non‐additive one. The versatility and applicability of the strategy that is presented in this study can considerably help the development of stable thick‐layer devices in terms of satisfying the requirements of the roll‐to‐roll production of solar cells.

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“…[9,17,[22][23][24][25] The change of photocurrent density (J ph ) versus the internal voltage (V in ) is measured according to the following formula [9,17,[22][23][24][25] The change of photocurrent density (J ph ) versus the internal voltage (V in ) is measured according to the following formula…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Aqueous‐Processed Hybrid Solar Cells: Control Depletion Region and Improve Carrier Extraction

Chen

Jin

Wang

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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on poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) and CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) was developed. [2] This work demonstrated the important influence of hybrid on the performance of solar cells based on aqueous process, encouraging us to further investigate the ASCs with a new configuration.However, the performance of the ASCs is still severely limited by the narrow width of the depletion region, the intrinsic defects of NCs, and the low carrier extraction ability, resulting in low short-circuit current (J sc ) and open voltage (V oc ) as well as a poor fill factor (FF). Many methods including passivating the surface of NCs, [3][4][5] high temperature annealing, [6] designing polymer with novel structure, [2,[7][8][9][10][11] optimizing device architecture, [12][13][14] etc. are developed to address these issues. For example, Wei et al. successfully designed conjugated polymer with high carrier mobility and largely improved device performance. [15] Jin et al. achieved a record PCE of 5.64% (as reported) based on PPV and CdTe NCs by optimizing device structure. [16] However, controlling the width of the depletion region and enhancing carrier extraction ability have been long a challenge.To address these issues, our group further developed an effective strategy that introduced different BHJ structure into the active material. The highest PCE as high as 6.01% was achieved based on ASCs. [17] In that work, one BHJ is consisted of CdTe and TiO 2 NCs and the other is CdTe NCs and PPV. The width of the depletion region and carrier extraction ability were significantly improved compared to previous works. As known, within limits, the thicker the BHJ film is, the better the performance is. In organic solar cells, the BHJ thickness can even reach 210 nm. [18] For aqueous-processed hybrid solar cells (AHSCs), however, the optimum thickness of the CdTe:TiO 2 BHJ film is only ≈30 nm in the double-side bulk heterojunction system mentioned above. In order to increase the BHJ film thickness and form the bicontinueous phase, the content of TiO 2 NCs have to be enhanced because of their small size. However, TiO 2 NCs contribute no photocurrent in the range of visible light and hence further increasing the thickness of BHJ film leads to the decrease of J sc . Although employing TiO 2 NCs with a larger size can obtain a thicker BHJ film and alleviate the decrease of J sc in theory, preparing water-soluble annatase TiO 2 with larger size is difficult and the aggregation occurs during Environmental friendly aqueous-processed solar cells have become one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation photovoltaic devices. Researchers have made lots of progress in designing active materials with novel structures, manipulating the defects in active materials, optimizing device architecture, etc. However, it has long been a challenge to control the width of the depletion region and enhance carrier extraction ability. Fabrication of a thick bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film is an effective strategy to address these issues but difficult to realize. Herein...

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Control of Charge Dynamics via Use of Nonionic Phosphonate Chains and Their Effectiveness for Inverted Structure Solar Cells

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of Donor Molecular Structure and Gate Dielectric on Charge‐Transporting Characteristics for Isoindigo‐Based Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers

Effect of Donor Molecular Structure and Gate Dielectric on Charge‐Transporting Characteristics for Isoindigo‐Based Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers

Thick‐Film High‐Performance Solar Cells with a C₆₀‐Containing Polystyrene Additive

Highly Efficient Aqueous‐Processed Hybrid Solar Cells: Control Depletion Region and Improve Carrier Extraction

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Control of Charge Dynamics via Use of Nonionic Phosphonate Chains and Their Effectiveness for Inverted Structure Solar Cells

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of Donor Molecular Structure and Gate Dielectric on Charge‐Transporting Characteristics for Isoindigo‐Based Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers

Effect of Donor Molecular Structure and Gate Dielectric on Charge‐Transporting Characteristics for Isoindigo‐Based Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers

Thick‐Film High‐Performance Solar Cells with a C60‐Containing Polystyrene Additive

Highly Efficient Aqueous‐Processed Hybrid Solar Cells: Control Depletion Region and Improve Carrier Extraction

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Product

Resources

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Thick‐Film High‐Performance Solar Cells with a C₆₀‐Containing Polystyrene Additive