Control of cell-wall glucan degradation during development inSchizophyllum commune

Wessels, J. G. H.

doi:10.1007/bf02097484

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A1 kali-soluble polysaccharides consisting mostly of glucose are known in an additional number of species (O 'Brien & Ralph, 1966). The presence of /j-glucan has been demonstrated in a number of Basidiomycetes (Bush & Horisberger, 1972;Hunsley & Burnett, 1970;Wessels, 1965) while the production of /I-I ,3-glucanases in many Basidiomycetes, and especially the Polyporaceae, strongly indicates that the /l-glucans in the mycelium may generally represent reserve material for subsequent fruit-body production (Ballesta & Alexander, I 972;Bush & Horisberger, 1972 ;Iten & Matile, 1970;Kawai, 1973;Reese & Mandels, 1959;Wessels, 1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and Architecture of the Mycelial Wall of Agaricus bisporus

Michalenko

Hohl

Rast

1976

Journal of General Microbiology

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A purified wall fraction was prepared from the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus. The isolated wall consisted of 43",, (wiw) chitin, 1 4 "~) KOH-soluble glucan, 27Oh /I-glucan, 1 6 O , protein and ~-5~) , , lipid. Traces of mannose and xylose were detected by gas chromatography. The architecture of the wall was investigated with sequential enzyme digestion and electron microscopy. The outer wall surface is covered by a mucilage that is removcd by the isolation procedure. The wall fraction could be completely degraded by extraction in warm I M-KOH followed by digestion with a mixed /,'-glucanase and then chitinase. The outer layer of KOHsoluble glucan is amorphous and or variable thickness. Incubation with glucanase did not change the dimensions of the wall but was necessary before the inner wall was susceptible to attack by chitinase, indicating that />'-glucan does not constitute a separate wall layer but is a matrix associated with the fibrillar chitin. The inner layer presents an even, compact. fibrillar side as the inside surface of the wall, but is looser and uneven outwardly where it interdigitates with the irregular inner surface of the KOH-soluble glucan. Silver hexamide staining showed cystine-containing protein throughout the wall.The fruit body of the Agaricales is massive, yet mainly consists of relatively undifferentiated hyphal elements similar to the vegetative mycelium, and thus provides an interesting system for studying the mechanisms of hyphal aggregation i n morphogenesis. A number of striking correlations between fungal cell form and wall composition, particularly in such phenomena as hyphal-yeast cell type dimorphism, emphasize the importance that wall composition may have in determining dif'ferentiation and rnorphogenesis (Smith & Galbraith, 1971). The composition and architecture of the hyphal wall is now known in a variety of fungi, but a more or less complete picture is available for only one near relative of the mushrooms, Schizopliyllrrm co~iiniuno, a member of the Aphyllophorales. We present here a study of the hyphal architecture 01' the common mushroom, Agirricus bisyorus, and compare and relate it to S. coyIztizunc and the existing fragmentary picture in the Agaricales itself.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and Architecture of the Mycelial Wall of Agaricus bisporus

Michalenko

Hohl

Rast

1976

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…However, data on their regulation and function are scarce. The fact that many /?-glucanase-producing fungi have P-glucans among the structural components of their cell walls has led to the hypothesis that some of these enzymes are involved in morphogenic-morpholytic processes during fungal development and differentiation (Wessels, 1966 ;Wessels & Koltin, 1972 ;Mahadevan & Mahadkar, 1970;Bartnicki-Garcia, 1973). Recent reports on their regulation and genetics (Friebe & Holldorf, 1975;Santos et al, 1978a, b;Rey et al, 1979) support the idea of diversity in /?-glucanase function so that, within the same organism, certain enzymes may be involved in cell wall dynamics, with others playing only a metabolic role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and Partial Characterization of a Developmentally Regulated 1,3- -Glucanase from Penicillium italicum

et al. 1982

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“…The occurrence of differences between strains in the susceptibility of hyphal walls to enzymatic degradation has earlier been demonstrated in Schizophyllum commune in connexion with the breakdown of R-glucan during carbon starvation (Wessels, 1966;Niederpruem & Wessels, I 969). These differences in susceptibility could be eliminated by hot-water extraction of the walls, In the modified strains studied here it appears that the protecting components can even be removed by extensive cold washing of the walls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

R-Glucanase Activity and Susceptibility of Hyphal Walls to Degradation in Mutants of Schizophyllum with Disrupted Nuclear Migration

Wessels

Koltin

1972

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYR-glucanase activities, and susceptibility of native-wall preparations to degradation by R-glucanase, were determined in strains of Schizophyllum commune with three different mutations that disrupt nuclear migration. These mutations, M I I , MI^, and Mi6 appeared to affect the susceptibility of the hyphal wall to R-glucanase but M I I and M15 also had an effect on the activity of R-glucanase. Both effects may be related to the stability of complex septa in these mutants and account for their specific mating behaviour.

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Control of cell-wall glucan degradation during development inSchizophyllum commune

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Chemistry and Architecture of the Mycelial Wall of Agaricus bisporus

Chemistry and Architecture of the Mycelial Wall of Agaricus bisporus

Purification and Partial Characterization of a Developmentally Regulated 1,3- -Glucanase from Penicillium italicum

R-Glucanase Activity and Susceptibility of Hyphal Walls to Degradation in Mutants of Schizophyllum with Disrupted Nuclear Migration

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