Control of cell size at division in fission yeast by a growth-modulated size control over nuclear division

Fantes, Peter A.; Nurse, Paul

doi:10.1016/0014-4827(77)90359-7

Cited by 417 publications

(344 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The median cell volumes differ because the initial size for traverse of start is dependent on growth rate (Lord & Wheals, 1980). A similar nutrient-modulated size control over division has been seen in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fantes & Nurse, 1977).…”

Section: P W Thompson and A E Whealssupporting

confidence: 57%

Asymmetrical Division of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Glucose-limited Chemostat Culture

Thompson¹,

Wheals²

1980

Microbiology

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C/l was grown in a glucose-limited chemostat at population doubling times (7) of 80 to 736 min. Estimates of the daughter cycle time (D), the parent cycle time (P) and the budded period (B) were obtained from bud scar analyses and equations derived from the Hartwell & Unger model of asymmetric cell division. D, P and B all showed biphasic linear relationships to r , quantitatively different from estimates for the same strain in batch culture. Median cell volume and dry weight per cell increased at the faster growth rates, but the average cell density reached a minimum at r = 150 min. The contiguous array of bud scars on parent cells became increasingly irregular as the doubling time increased from 140 min. At the fastest growth rates a small percentage of filamentous forms were observed due to failure of cells to undergo cell separation.

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Section: P W Thompson and A E Whealssupporting

confidence: 57%

Asymmetrical Division of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Glucose-limited Chemostat Culture

Thompson¹,

Wheals²

1980

Microbiology

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“…29 Cell size is a valuable indicator of the physiological state. 5,[64][65][66][67][68] In late stages of cultures, changes in cell diameter and viability typically occur, leading to changes in several parameters (C M , r i , and others). 20,29,38 An easily comprehensible example for the complexity of the analysis is that according to our results, an increase in f C might occur either as a result of a decrease in cell size (Eq.…”

Section: Multifrequency Permittivity Measurements and Analysis Of Calmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifrequency permittivity measurements enable on‐line monitoring of changes in intracellular conductivity due to nutrient limitations during batch cultivations of CHO cells

Ansorge

Esteban

Schmid

2009

Biotechnology Progress

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Lab and pilot scale batch cultivations of a CHO K1/dhfr À host cell line were conducted to evaluate on-line multifrequency permittivity measurements as a process monitoring tool. The b-dispersion parameters such as the characteristic frequency (f C ) and the permittivity increment (De max ) were calculated on-line from the permittivity spectra. The dual-frequency permittivity signal correlated well with the off-line measured biovolume and the viable cell density. A significant drop in permittivity was monitored at the transition from exponential growth to a phase with reduced growth rate. Although not reflected in off-line biovolume measurements, this decrease coincided with a drop in OUR and was probably caused by the depletion of glutamine and a metabolic shift occurring at the same time. Sudden changes in cell density, cell size, viability, capacitance per membrane area (C M ), and effects caused by medium conductivity (r m ) could be excluded as reasons for the decrease in permittivity. After analysis of the process data, a drop in f C as a result of a fall in intracellular conductivity (r i ) was identified as responsible for the observed changes in the dual-frequency permittivity signal. It is hypothesized that the b-dispersion parameter f C is indicative of changes in nutrient availability that have an impact on intracellular conductivity r i . On-line permittivity measurements consequently not only reflect the biovolume but also the physiological state of mammalian cell cultures. These findings should pave the way for a better understanding of the intracellular state of cells and render permittivity measurements an important tool in process development and control.

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“…In addition, growth rate has a strong influence on cell size. Thus, cell size is proportional to growth rate, which means that slow growing cells can be nearly half the size of rapidly growing cells (Johnston et al 1977;Fantes and Nurse 1977). Conversely, at least in some cases cell size influences growth rate so that large cells grow faster than small cells (Tzur et al 2009;Sung et al 2013;Schmoller et al 2015;Leitao and Kellogg 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of TORC2 Signaling by a Conserved Lkb1 Signaling Axis in Budding Yeast

et al. 2018

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Nutrient availability, growth rate and cell size are closely linked. For example, in budding yeast, the rate of cell growth is proportional to nutrient availability, cell size is proportional to growth rate, and growth rate is proportional to cell size. Thus, cells grow slowly in poor nutrients and are nearly half the size of cells growing in rich nutrients. Moreover, large cells grow faster than small cells. A signaling network that surrounds Tor kinase complex 2 (TORC2) plays an important role in enforcing these proportional relationships. Cells that lack components of the TORC2 network fail to modulate their growth rate or size in response to changes in nutrient availability. Here, we show that budding yeast homologs of the Lkb1 tumor suppressor kinase are required for normal modulation of TORC2 signaling in response to changes in carbon source. Lkb1 kinases activate Snf1/AMPK to initiate transcription of genes required for utilization of poor carbon sources. However, Lkb1 influences TORC2 signaling via a novel pathway that is independent of Snf1/AMPK. Of the three Lkb1 homologs in budding yeast, Elm1 plays the most important role in modulating TORC2. Elm1 activates a pair of related kinases called Gin4 and Hsl1. Previous work found that loss of Gin4 and Hsl1 causes cells to undergo unrestrained growth during a prolonged mitotic arrest, which suggests that they play a role in linking cell cycle progression to cell growth. We found that Gin4 and Hsl1 also control the TORC2 network. In addition, Gin4 and Hsl1 are themselves influenced by signals from the TORC2 network, consistent with previous work showing that the TORC2 network constitutes a feedback loop. Together, the data suggest a model in which the TORC2 network sets growth rate in response to carbon source, while also relaying signals via Gin4 and Hsl1 that set the critical amount of growth required for cell cycle progression. This kind of close linkage between control of cell growth and size would suggest a simple mechanistic explanation for the proportional relationship between cell size and growth rate.3

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Control of cell size at division in fission yeast by a growth-modulated size control over nuclear division

Cited by 417 publications

References 28 publications

Asymmetrical Division of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Glucose-limited Chemostat Culture

Asymmetrical Division of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Glucose-limited Chemostat Culture

Multifrequency permittivity measurements enable on‐line monitoring of changes in intracellular conductivity due to nutrient limitations during batch cultivations of CHO cells

Modulation of TORC2 Signaling by a Conserved Lkb1 Signaling Axis in Budding Yeast

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