Control of Broomrape (<i>Orobanche ramosa</i>) in Tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabaccum</i>)

Lolas, P. C.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500067126

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…He noticed good control of O. cernua, yet there was yield reduction due to low tolerance. Efficacy of herbicides to control branched broomrape (0. ramosa L.) in tobacco was studied in Greece and Thrkey by Lolas (1986Lolas ( , 1994, Vasilakakis et al (1988), and Nemli et al (1991); Kogan and Ureta (1996) presented data on control of O. ramosa from Chile. These studies mainly used glyphosate.…”

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Postemergence Chemical Control of Nodding Broomrape (Orobanche cernua) in Bidi Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in India

Dhanapal

Borg

Struik³

1998

Weed technol.

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Broomrape is a severe problem in the continuous cropping of bidi tobacco in India. Fifteen herbicides were evaluated for postemergence control, at different dates and rates, in field experiments in Nipani, Karnataka State. The effects of the herbicides onOrobanchecontrol and growth and yield of tobacco were compared to the effects of handweeding and an untreated check. Following this screening experiment, four herbicides were selected for further testing. Glyphosate at 500 g ai/ha applied at 60 days after transplanting (DAT) and imazaquin at 10 g ai/ha applied at 30 DAT reduced the number of aboveground broomrape spikes by 75 to 80% and increased the tobacco yields by 80 to > 100% compared to the untreated plots. Imazethapyr and EPTC were found to be less effective for broomrape control, but they still led to substantially higher tobacco yield. None of the herbicide treatments resulted in yields higher than those in the hand-weeded plots. These plots probably did not yet reflect the potential yield of tobacco under broomrape-free conditions, due to nonemerged spikes. Toxicity to tobacco of all herbicides was higher for the higher rates tested. It was lowest with imazaquin.

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Postemergence Chemical Control of Nodding Broomrape (Orobanche cernua) in Bidi Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in India

Dhanapal

Borg

Struik³

1998

Weed technol.

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“…Nachteile dieser Anwendung sind mögliche Ertragsverluste, die durch phytotoxische Wirkungen des Inhaltsstoffes Glyphosat auf Tabak (Lolas 1986;covarelli 2002) verursacht werden können und das verzögerte Auflaufen von P. ramosa nach der tabakernte, das zu einer weiteren Zunahme der Samenbank führen kann.…”

Section: Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen In Deutschlandunclassified

Ausbreitung des parasitischen Unkrauts Phelipanche ramosa in der deutschen Landwirtschaft

2011

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Zusammenfassung als wurzelparasitisches Unkraut besitzt Phelipanche ramosa (verzweigte sommerwurz) neben P. aegyptiaca den breitesten Wirtspflanzenkreis unter den Orobanche und Phelipanche arten. in Westeuropa befällt sie mit zunehmender aggressivität kulturen wie raps, tabak, hanf und tomaten. Die einzigartige biologie der Wurzelparasiten und die enge Verbindung zu ihrer Wirtspflanze reduziert ihre bekämpfung auf ein Minimum. Zu den bekämpfungsmaßnahmen zählen (a) physikalische Verfahren (z. B. Jäten, Solarisation, tiefes Pflügen, Abflammen und Überschwemmen), (b) chemische (z. b. bodenfumigation, einsatz von herbiziden und keimstimulantien und (c) biologische Methoden (z. b. resistente sorten, einsatz von Pilzen und insekten als antagonisten, Feind und Fallenpflanzen). In Deutschland wird im Tabakanbau überwie-gend auf das Herbizid-Verfahren gesetzt. Dafür wird Glyphosphat in sehr niedriger konzentration, wenn sich die ersten tuberkel gebildet haben, ausgebracht. ein pilzlicher antangonist ist zwar gegen das parasitisches Unkraut an tabak in Deutschland gefunden worden, konnte aber bisher nicht bis zum Mykoherbizid entwickelt werden.Nachdem der hanfanbau in Deutschland an bedeutung verloren hatte, ist vor allem Tabak als Hauptwirt für P. ramosa geblieben. in den letzten 10 Jahren scheint sie sich immer weiter auszubreiten und kommt mittlerweile in Gebieten vor, die früher frei von der verzweigten Sommerwurz waren. Durch Wegfall der eU-subventionen in 2009 begannen manche Tabakpflanzer anstatt Tabak Petersilie auf ihren Flächen anzubauen. Dies hatte zur Folge, dass diese nun mit P. ramosa befallen wurde. Noch vor 10 Jahren als Fallenpflanze eingesetzt, hatte die Petersilie eine eher geringe Wirkung auf die verzweigte sommerwurz. Dieses Gefährdungspotential vor allem durch weitere potentielle Wirtspflanzen, wie z. B. Raps, Tomaten und kartoffeln oder ackerunkräuter sollte nicht unterschätzt werden. Durch geeignete phytosanitäre Maßnahmen und einer verbesserten informationspolitik sollte die stetig wachsende Ausbreitung sowie Ausweitung des Wirtspflanzenspektrums der verzweigten sommerwurz in Deutschland eingedämmt werden.Schlüsselwörter Verzweigte sommerwurz · Orobanche · Petersilie · Petroselinum crispum · tabak Spreading of the Parasitic Weed Phelipanche ramosa in German AgricultureAbstract the root parasitic weeds Phelipanche ramosa (branched broomrape) and P. aegyptiaca have the widest host range among Orobanche and Phelipanche species. in Western europe, P. ramosa attacks, with increasing aggressiveness, crops such as oilseed rape, tobacco, hemp, and tomato. the unique biology of root parasites, establishes a closed link with their host plant, thus reducing the possibility to successfully control them. control measures include (a) physical processes (such as weeding, solarization, deep ploughing, burning off, flooding), (b) chemical (like soil fumigation, use of herbicides, germination stimulants) and (c) biological methods (e.g. resistant varieties, use of fungi and insects as antagonists, trap and catch cr...

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“…The plant deprives its host of water, assimilates and nutrients, which are transferred directly from the host root’s vascular system. According to Lolas (1986) and N. Billenkamp (pers. comm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Fusarium oxysporum on the holoparasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa: biocontrol efficacy under field‐grown conditions

2009

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Summary Under the changing agro‐climatic conditions of western Europe, the parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa infests host crops such as tomato, hemp, tobacco and oilseed rape at an increasing rate. A Fusarium oxysporum isolate (FOG), that had effectively reduced the parasite’s incidence under controlled environmental conditions, was tested in different granular formulations (pesta granules, alginate pellets) on P. ramosa parasitising tobacco under field‐grown conditions. FOG reduced number and biomass of P. ramosa shoots by between 50% and 70% in three consecutive years (2006–2008). A single pesta application did not show consistent results throughout seasons; 50% reduction of P. ramosa biomass (DM) in the first year could not be repeated in the following years (20–30%). An alginate formulation applied alone performed better. However, a combination of pesta granules with alginate pellets had the highest reliable control efficacy (60–70%) of all treatments in two seasons, compared with the untreated control. Fungal population counts in soil samples did not show a close correlation to biocontrol efficacy. To understand field performance of this biocontrol agent, additional glasshouse and laboratory studies were conducted using soil from the experimental site. The glasshouse study revealed some fungistatic effects of the field soil that partly explain the reduced efficacy (‐40%) in the field compared with results obtained under controlled conditions. Results show the potential of FOG for P. ramosa control. Because formulation affected the biocontrol efficacy, it may be worthwhile to test how the delivery system can be changed in order to achieve increased disease development in the field.

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Control of Broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum)

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Postemergence Chemical Control of Nodding Broomrape (Orobanche cernua) in Bidi Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in India

Postemergence Chemical Control of Nodding Broomrape (Orobanche cernua) in Bidi Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in India

Ausbreitung des parasitischen Unkrauts Phelipanche ramosa in der deutschen Landwirtschaft

Impact of Fusarium oxysporum on the holoparasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa: biocontrol efficacy under field‐grown conditions

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