Control of asymmetric cell division

Roubinet, Chantal; Cabernard, Clemens

doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2014.09.005

Cited by 48 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Upon an asymmetric cell division, the two sisters may be born with distinct size, shape, content or exposure to signals, which translates into different fates and behaviours. This mode of division is prevalent and ancestral, seen across all kingdoms of life (Bernander 2000 ;Neumüller and Knoblich 2009 ;Thanbichler 2009 ;Dettmer and Friml 2011 ;Pereira and Yamashita 2011 ;Rasmussen et al 2011 ;Bi and Park 2012 ;Li 2013 ;Williams and Fuchs 2013 ;Kieser and Rubin 2014 ;Roubinet and Cabernard 2014 ;Tan and Ramamurthi 2014 ;Vevea et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Classifi Cations and Defi Nitionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Stem Cells and Asymmetric Cell Division

Sousa‐Nunes

Hirth

2016

Regenerative Medicine - From Protocol to Patient

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Asymmetric stem cell division is a widespread process used to generate cellular diversity in developing and adult organisms whilst retaining a steady stem cell pool. When dividing asymmetrically, stem cells self-renew and generate a second cell type, which can be either a differentiating progenitor or a postmitotic cell. Studies in model organisms, most notably the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans , the fruitfl y Drosophila melanogaster , and the mouse Mus musculus , have identifi ed interrelated mechanisms that regulate asymmetric cell division, from polarity formation and mitotic spindle orientation, to asymmetric segregation of fate determinants and organelles, that impact growth and proliferation. Mechanisms linking extrinsic signals to cellular asymmetry are also beginning to emerge. These cellular processes are mediated by evolutionary conserved molecules, and together equilibrate numbers of progenitor and differentiated cells. Insights into asymmetric division have enhanced our understanding of stem cell biology and of hypo-or hyper-proliferation as a consequence of its disruption, including cancer formation. These insights are of major interest for regenerative medicine, since asymmetrically dividing stem cells provide a powerful source for targeted cell replacement and tissue regeneration.

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Section: Classifi Cations and Defi Nitionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Stem Cells and Asymmetric Cell Division

Sousa‐Nunes

Hirth

2016

Regenerative Medicine - From Protocol to Patient

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“…Cell division can also lead to failures in the distribution of cell-fate determinants between the daughter cells. The differential partitioning of 11 cell fate determinants (e.g., transcription factors and mRNAs) between the daughter cells is known to induce changes in cell behavior and fate [82][83][84][85][86]. Errors in the distribution of cell fate determinants can disrupt the balance between symmetric and asymmetric cell division [82,83,87,88], which can lead to the accumulation of cell divisions in stem cells (Figure 2).…”

Section: The Main Biological Cause Of Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stem Cell Division Theory of Cancer

López‐Lázaro

2017

Preprint

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All cancer registries constantly show striking differences in cancer incidence by age and among tissues. For example, lung cancer is diagnosed hundreds of times more often at age 70 than at age 20, and this cancer in nonsmokers occurs thousands of times more frequently than heart cancer in smokers. An analysis of these differences using basic concepts in cell biology indicates that cancer is the end-result of the accumulation of cell divisions in stem cells. In other words, the main determinant of carcinogenesis is the number of cell divisions that the DNA of a stem cell has accumulated in any type of cell from the zygote. Cell division, process by which a cell copies and separates its cellular components to finally split into two cells, is necessary to produce the large number of cells required for living. However, cell division can lead to a variety of cancer-promoting errors, such as mutations occurring during DNA replication, chromosome aberrations arising during mitosis, errors in the distribution of cell-fate determinants between the daughter cells, and failures to restore physical interactions with other tissue components. Some of these errors are spontaneous, others are promoted by endogenous DNA damage occurring during quiescence, and others are influenced by pathological and environmental factors. The cell divisions required for carcinogenesis are primarily caused by multiple local and systemic physiological signals rather than by errors in the DNA of the cells. As carcinogenesis progresses, the accumulation of DNA errors promotes cell division and eventually triggers cell division under permissive extracellular environments. The accumulation of cell divisions in stem cells drives not only the accumulation of the DNA alterations required for carcinogenesis, but also the formation and growth of the abnormal cell populations that characterize the disease. This model of carcinogenesis provides a new framework for understanding the disease and has important implications for cancer prevention and therapy.

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“…The number of steps required prior to terminal differentiation varies for different tissues [1]. Stem cells are first encountered in the embryo where totipotent stem cells that can divide to form all cell types of an organism give rise to a fully functioning adult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Stem Cells in Their Niche

Gooi

Gopalakrishnan

2016

Curr Stem Cell Rep

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Stem cells are characterized by their ability to asymmetrically divide, generating another self-renewing stem cell and a differentiating daughter cell. They reside within the local niche microenvironment, which, together with systemic signals, regulates intrinsic stem cell function. Stem cells are finely regulated, with even slight deregulation leading to gain of stem cell function and tumorigenesis or loss of stem cell function and tissue degeneration in aging. In this review, we highlight how stem cells are maintained within their niche and what is known about their deregulation in aging. To highlight these points, we look at the Drosophila male germline stem cell niche as a model system, specifically focusing on cell cycle progression, signaling pathways, epigenetics, and the control of spindle orientation by centrosomes. Finally, we sum up pertinent questions to be addressed in understanding stem cell function and their malfunction in aging.

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Control of asymmetric cell division

Cited by 48 publications

References 73 publications

Stem Cells and Asymmetric Cell Division

Stem Cells and Asymmetric Cell Division

The Stem Cell Division Theory of Cancer

Regulation of Stem Cells in Their Niche

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