Control of Annual Weedy Grasses in a Bentgrass Green with Treatment Programs of Tri-calcium Arsenate

Abstract

<jats:p>A creeping bentgrass <jats:italic>(Agrostis palustris</jats:italic> Huds. `Penncross') green was treated with flowable tri-calcium arsenate (Ca-Ars) in increment levels of 17 or 34 kg·ha<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> in 12 multiple treatment date programs. Treatments were made over 4 years to determine effectiveness of initial applications and accumulated residues in controlling annual bluegrass <jats:italic>(Poa annua</jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>annua</jats:italic> L.) and large crabgrass <jats:italic>(Digitaria sanguinalis</jats:italic> L. Scop.) and to evaluate the phytotoxicity to the bentgrass. Multiple treatments of Ca-Ars at increments of 17 or 34 kg·ha<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> effectively controlled annual bluegrass and large crabgrass when cumulative application amounts totaled at least 136 kg·ha<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>. Excellent control of annual bluegrass was achieved by timing treatments and soil residue buildup totals to coincide with the major germination and regrowth period of late winter to early spring. Optimum timing included treatments during the fall and spring. This treatment sequence also gave excellent control of crabgrass. Sustained control of both weeds was achieved when continued low level follow-up applications totaled &gt;136 kg·ha<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>. Penncross bentgrass appeared tolerant of Ca-Ars treatments totaling as high as 272 kg·ha<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>. Arsenic apparently influenced thatch accumulation by killing earthworms.</jats:p>

Accumulation of antimony and other potentially toxic elements in plants around a former antimony mine located in the Ribes Valley (Eastern Pyrenees)

“…The trace element burdens at P1 were relatively high and P. annua must have evolved tolerance to As, Sb, Pb and Cu in order to perform there. Poa annua is known as a rather As-sensitive species; yet arsenic carbonate was formerly used to control this weed in golf courses (Callahan and Shepard, 1991). However, shoots of P. annua accumulated less As, Sb and Pb than the grass species A. capillaris at the acidic sites.…”

Reducing Populations of Annual Bluegrass and Roughstalk Bluegrass in Creeping Bentgrass Fairways: A Nutritional Approach

“…Selective herbicides such as ethofumesate have been sonlewhat successful in controlling annual bluegrass in fairway situations (Branham 1990). Used correctly, precmergence herbicides can be used to control annual varieties of annual bluegrass (Callahan and McDonald 1992;Callahan and Shepard 1991). It is also believed that annual bluegrass and roughstalk bluegrass require more water than creeping bentgrass for optimal growth (Sprague and Burton 1937).…”