Control of Air Revitalization Using Plants: Results of the Early Human Testing Initiative Phase I Test

Edeen, Marybeth A.; Dominick, Jeffrey S.; Bárta, D.; Packham, N.J.C.

doi:10.4271/961522

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In each case these were relatively small chambers (<1 m 2 area) compared to the 10 and 20 m 2 planting areas used in our studies (see also, Wheeler et al, 1996). In addition to our studies, other NASA-sponsored testing reported ethylene buildup in an 11-m 2 closed chamber containing wheat plants Edeen et al (1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…At the production rates noted for wheat during rapid growth, maximum levels in a system with leakage of only 1% vol/d would exceed 1.0 ppm, which could result in little or no seed set (Klassen and Bugbee, 2002). Related studies with wheat at NASA's Johnson Space Center using a more tightly sealed chamber with wheat plants showed that ethylene levels exceeded 800 ppb, resulting in poor seed production (Edeen et al, 1996). In addition, experiments on growing wheat to maturity in space initially failed to produce viable seed, and this was later attributed to the high (≈1 to 2 ppm) ethylene levels in Mir Space Station atmosphere (Bingham et al, 2000;Salisbury, 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethylene Production throughout Growth and Development of Plants

Wheeler¹,

Peterson²,

Stutte³

2004

HortSci

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Ethylene production by 10 or 20 m2 stands of wheat, soybean, lettuce, potato, and tomato was monitored throughout growth and development in an atmospherically closed plant chamber. Chamber ethylene levels varied among species and rose during periods of canopy expansion and rapid growth for all species. Following this, ethylene levels either declined during seed fill and maturation for wheat and soybean, or remained relatively constant for potato and tomato (during flowering and early fruit development). Lettuce plants were harvested during rapid growth and peak ethylene production. Chamber ethylene levels increased rapidly during tomato ripening, reaching concentrations about 10 times that measured during vegetative growth. The highest ethylene production rates during vegetative growth ranged from 1.6 to 2.5 nmol·m-2·d-1 during rapid growth of lettuce and wheat stands, or about 0.3 to 0.5 nmol·g-1 fresh weight per hour. Estimates of stand ethylene production during tomato ripening showed that rates reached 43 nmol·m-2·d-1 in one study and 93 nmol·m-2·d-1 in a second study with higher lighting, or about 50× that of the rate during vegetative growth of tomato. In a related test with potato, the photoperiod was extended from 12 to 24 hours (continuous light) at 58 days after planting (to increase tuber yield), but this change in the environment caused a sharp increase in ethylene production from the basal rate of 0.4 to 6.2 nmol·m-2·d-1. Following this, the photoperiod was changed back to 12 h at 61 days and ethylene levels decreased. The results suggest three separate categories of ethylene production were observed with whole stands of plants: 1) production during rapid vegetative growth, 2) production during climacteric fruit ripening, and 3) production from environmental stress.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene Production throughout Growth and Development of Plants

Wheeler¹,

Peterson²,

Stutte³

2004

HortSci

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“…The contributions to all aspects of life support depend highly on the crop species and cultiva tio n environment. For example, a previous study using a closed human/plant system has shown experimentally that 11.2 m 2 of wheat grown at high light intensity (1,500 µ mol m -2 s -1 ) supplies sufficient oxygen for one person 51 . Wheat is one of the most productive crops for oxygen production, which is amplified by the high light intensity used and its tolerance of a 24-hour light cycle.…”

Section: A Test Case For Molecular Pharming In Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Pharming to Support Human Life on the Moon, Mars, and Beyond

McNulty¹,

Xiong

Yates

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Space missions have always assumed that the risk of spacecraft malfunction far outweighs the risk of human system failure. This assumption breaks down for longer duration exploration missions and exposes vulnerabilities in space medical system. Space agencies can no longer buy down the majority of human system risk through the crew member selection process and emergency re-supply or evacuation. No mature medical solutions exist to close the risk gap. With recent advances in biotechnology, there is promise in augmenting a space pharmacy with a biologically-based space foundry for on-demand manufacturing of high-value medical products. Here we review the challenges and opportunities of molecular pharming, the production of pharmaceuticals in plants, as the basis of a space medical foundry to close the risk gap in current space medical systems. Plants have long been considered an important life support object in space and can now also be viewed as programmable factories in space. Advances in molecular pharming-based space foundries will have widespread application in promoting simple and accessible pharmaceutical manufacturing on Earth.

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“…These tests were conducted at NASA's Johnson Space Center showed the one human's O 2 needs could be provided by as little as 11 m 2 of wheat grown at high light intensity (1500 µmol m -2 s -1 ) (Edeen et al, 1996). This test was followed by a series of tests with four humans living in a closed chamber to test different life support technologies (Barta and Henderson, 1998).…”

Section: Biospherementioning

confidence: 99%