“…Pain is one of the factors that trigger the injury response, resulting in metabolic, endocrine and water and electrolyte changes that may have an adverse effect on recovery, and current evidence indicates that effective pain control is capable of modifying these responses (Vickers 2007). Fractures cause significant pain, which can be exacerbated by movement, and so for patients with a fractured neck of femur, pain control in the immediate post-trauma period can be difficult to manage effectively.…”