Control of Acid Excretion by the Kidney

Tannen, Richard L.

doi:10.1146/annurev.me.31.020180.000343

Cited by 18 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Glutamine has an established role as an ammonia precursor, contributing both to acid-base homeostasis and preservation of cations (50). In addition, under certain conditions, glutamine serves as a significant source of energy (51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of amino acids on vasopressin-stimulated water flow.

Carvounis¹,

Carvounis²,

Wilk³

1985

J. Clin. Invest.

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The presence of several naturally occurring amino acids in the serosal bath of toad urinary bladder significantly alters the hydrosmotic response of this tissue to vasopressin. We found that histidine, glutamate, and lysine increase vasopressinstimulated water flow by 75%, 60%, and 43%, respectively. In contrast, alanine did not alter vasopressin-stimulated water flow, whereas glutamine decreased it by 25%. The effect of each amino acid represents intracellular events because their effects on theophylline-stimulated water flow were similar to those found with vasopressin. However, the site of action of amino acids varied, with some operating at steps before and others at steps after cyclic AMP generation. The fact that the metabolically inactive D-histidine and D-glutamate are as effective as their metabolically active L-counterparts suggests that the action of amino acids depends upon some physicochemical properties of their molecules. The ability of amino acids to influence the hydrosmotic effects of vasopressin was shown to be independent of prostaglandin generation, ionic composition, and molecular charge.In the case of histidine, we were able to obtain some understanding of the mechanism responsible for its action. We first showed that the effect of histidine does not depend upon its metabolism. In addition to D-histidine being as effective as the metabolically active L-histidine, we also showed that histidine is effective when its metabolism is abolished by low ambient temperature and also when its incorporation into proteins was prevented by cycloheximide. These findings suggest that histidine operates through some physicochemical property localized on its molecule. We were able to show that this property resides on the imidazole part of histidine. Imidazole, similar to histidine, increases vasopressin-stimulated water flow. Methylation of histidine on the imidazole ring completely abolished its effectiveness in increasing vasopressin-stimulated water flow. In contrast, methylation of histidine at the side chain increased vasopressin action similar to that found for histidine.We provide evidence that the physicochemical property of the imidazole ring of histidine is that of chelating Zn++

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of amino acids on vasopressin-stimulated water flow.

Carvounis¹,

Carvounis²,

Wilk³

1985

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Final urine pH can drop as low as 4.5 as a consequence of H+ secretion in the distal tubule (9). Hydrogen-ion secretion by the proton pump is modulated by chemical (pH) and electrical (Voltage) gradients (4). The pH of the tubular fluid is regulated in part by availability of urinary buffers, and the transepithelial voltage gradient across the distal nephron is influenced by the rate of N a + reabsorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical Spectrum of Renal Tubular Acidosis

Rocher¹,

Tannen²

1986

Annu. Rev. Med.

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Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is associated with a large group of disorders that interfere with normal tubular hydrogen-ion handling by any of several mechanisms. This review presents an approach to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of RTA by defining three major subgroups: proximal RTA, distal RTA presenting with normal or decreased serum potassium (hypokalemic distal RTA), and distal RTA presenting with increased serum potassium (hyperkalemic distal RTA).

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The effect of caffeine on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in man

Iqbal

Ahmad

Janbaz

et al. 1995

Biopharm & Drug Disp

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The influence of caffeine (60 mg) was studied on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of acetaminophen (500 mg single dose) in ten healthy male human volunteers in a complete cross-over design. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to analyse serum drug concentrations. Caffeine caused a highly significant (p < 0.01) increase in AUC and AUMC, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in Cmax, and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in clearance (C1/F) of acetaminophen. We conclude that caffeine taken in doses commonly available commercially or in a cup of coffee can significantly potentiate the therapeutic potential of acetaminophen in man.

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Control of Acid Excretion by the Kidney

Cited by 18 publications

References 52 publications

Importance of amino acids on vasopressin-stimulated water flow.

Importance of amino acids on vasopressin-stimulated water flow.

The Clinical Spectrum of Renal Tubular Acidosis

The effect of caffeine on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in man

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