Control co-design of 13 MW downwind two-bladed rotors to achieve 25% reduction in levelized cost of wind energy

Pao, Lucy Y.; Zalkind, Daniel; Griffith, D. Todd; Chetan, Mayank; Selig, Michael S.; Ananda, Gavin K.; Bay, Christopher J.; Stehly, Tyler; Loth, Eric

doi:10.1016/j.arcontrol.2021.02.001

Cited by 52 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This section discusses the initial conventional design to provide a close to working level structural design; AutoNuMAD is applied to the close to working level structural design to optimize the root and spar cap to realize an optimal working baseline design. The detailed SUMR50 baseline design specifications are provided and a comparison for a series of blade structural designs for downwind rotors (including SUMR13A/B/C (Pao et al, 2021; Yao et al, 2021) for a 13 MW rotor, SUMR-D (Bay et al, 2019; Yao et al, 2020) for a 20% scaled demonstrator of the SUMR13i, and SUMR50 (Kianbakh et al, 2021) for a 50 MW rotor) is also presented.…”

Section: Sumr50 Baseline Structural Design Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address some of the limitations of the conventional wind turbine, a two-blade downwind rotor concept, Segmented Ultralight Morphing Rotor (SUMR), was proposed, featuring a load alignment based on increased cone angle. Benefiting from the advantage in loads reduction of the SUMR concept, the preceding challenges in developing extreme-scale wind turbines can be solved and designing a 50 MW machine with a blade length over 200 m seems promising (Ananda et al, 2018; Chetan et al, 2021; Kianbakh et al, 2021; Noyes et al, 2017, 2018; Pao et al, 2021; Qin et al, 2016, 2020; Zalkind et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aero-structural design and optimization of 50 MW wind turbine with over 250-m blades

et al. 2021

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The quest for reduced levelized cost of energy has driven significant growth in wind turbine size; however, larger rotors face significant technical and logistical challenges. The largest published rotor design is 25 MW, and here we consider an even larger 50 MW design with blade length over 250 m. This paper shows that a 50 MW design is indeed possible from a detailed engineering perspective and presents a series of aero-structural blade designs, and critical assessment of technology pathways and challenges for extreme-scale rotors. The 50 MW rotor design begins with Monte Carlo simulations focused on optimizing carbon spar cap and root design. A baseline design resulted in a 250-m blade with mass of 502 tonnes. Subsequently, an aero-structural design and optimization were performed to reduce the blade mass/cost with more than 25% mass reduction and 30% cost reduction by determining optimal blade chord and airfoil thickness for best aero-structural performance.

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Section: Sumr50 Baseline Structural Design Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aero-structural design and optimization of 50 MW wind turbine with over 250-m blades

et al. 2021

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“…Reference [23] provided an optimization framework to solve multidisciplinary design-optimization problems. For instance, to further reduce the cost of wind energy, modern WTs increasingly require co-design methods [24] between the mechanical and control domains. Reference [25] developed an integrated toolset to design and optimize WT systems in a more integrated manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Holistic System Models Including Domain-Specific Simulation Models Based on SysML

Zhang

Höpfner

Berroth

et al. 2021

Systems

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In the face of the rapid growth in the scale and complexity of multidisciplinary systems, being able to develop reliable systems under ever-faster changing and more individual market requirements is becoming more and more challenging. The Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach has already been researched heavily, and started to be introduced for the management of complexity, maintaining consistency, and reducing development costs and the time-to-market. However, a major drawback of the current MBSE methodologies is the lack of capability to integrate with domain-specific simulation models to investigate design concepts in the early phases of the development process. In order to address this issue, we propose a holistic system modeling approach that allows system engineers to link descriptive system models with domain-specific simulation models. In this paper, the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) is used as the standard architecture modeling language. A system modeling approach in SysML based on the system’s functional architecture for system design and validation is defined. The approach was developed to integrate domain-specific models into the system model using a SysML modeler with the capability of running and reusing simulation tasks via the coupling of external tools, which helps to bridge the existing gap between models on the system level and detail level. The feasibility of the proposed approach will be evaluated based on the case study of a wind turbine (WT) system. The study shows that our approach has the potential to enable the consistent, parameter-based interlinkage of domain-specific models based on always-up-to-date data, and to assist engineers in making design decisions to meet the system requirements accurately and rapidly in different engineering fields.

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“…Although the downwind rotor will be affected by the tower shadow effect on the aerodynamics and aeroacoustics (Janajreh et al, 2010;Koh and Ng, 2016;Dose et al, 2020), the wind load of the downwind blade pushes the blade farther away from the tower; thus, due to the increased distance between the blade and the tower, there is no need to consider the interference between them. Therefore, the stiffness of the blade can be appropriately reduced to reduce costs and the weight of the rotor (Wand et al, 2018), as well as to increase the service life of the blades and the competitiveness of non-subsidized wind power (Pao et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blades are bent and deformed under the action of aerodynamic loads, and the load can be reduced by 25-50%. Recently, Loth et al ( 2017) (Ichter et al, 2016;Noyes et al, 2018;Pao et al, 2021) designed a 13.2-MW blade that is pre-bent downwind in sections, and used FAST platform simulations to verify its feasibility. Under constant power, the simulation results revealed that, in Class IIB winds, the performance of the two-blade downwind rotor with a 15°cone angle is comparable to that of an upwind three-blade rotor using Sandia SNL100-02 blades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Parametric Modeling and Two-Objective Optimal Design of a Downwind Blade

Zixuan

et al. 2021

Front. Energy Res.

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To cope with the future challenges to the blade that will be introduced by the development of extreme-scale wind turbines, this study focuses on the optimization design of the aerodynamic shape of a downwind blade via the inverse design method. Moreover, the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the chord, twist angle, and pre-bending parameters of the blade to maximize the energy production of the rotor and minimize the flapping bending moment of the blade root. By taking a 5-MW wind turbine as the optimization object, the two-objective optimization design of the downwind blade is carried out, and Pareto optimal solutions in line with the expectations are obtained. After analyzing four representatives of the Pareto optimal solutions, while a more ideal solution is found to sacrifice 9.41% of the energy production of the rotor, the flapping bending moment of the blade root is reduced by 42.92%, thereby achieving the lightweight optimization design of an extreme-scale wind turbine blade. Furthermore, based on the selected four sets of blades, the influence mechanisms of the chord, twist angle, and pre-bending on the optimization goal are analyzed, and it is found that the pre-bending parameter has the greatest influence on the two optimization goals.

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Control co-design of 13 MW downwind two-bladed rotors to achieve 25% reduction in levelized cost of wind energy

Cited by 52 publications

References 41 publications

Aero-structural design and optimization of 50 MW wind turbine with over 250-m blades

Aero-structural design and optimization of 50 MW wind turbine with over 250-m blades

Towards Holistic System Models Including Domain-Specific Simulation Models Based on SysML

The Parametric Modeling and Two-Objective Optimal Design of a Downwind Blade

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