Control by using automatic combustion with dry scrubber/fabric filtration (DS/FF)

Hahn, J.; Nagge, C.; Pohlot, P.; Bahor, Brian; Sussman, D.B.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(92)90501-h

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…PCDD/F destruction was also noticed to differ between the different congeners (14), and also shifts in the congeners are possible when flue gases pass by the ESP (15). The combinations of dry scrubber/fabric filter (16), wet scrubber/fabric filter (17,18), or spray absorber/ESP (19) and wet gas scrubbing (20) have also been used successfully to decrease PCDD/F emissions. PCDD/F reduction accompanied with NOx reduction by ammonia injection (21) or ammonia radical injection and by using SCR unit or some other DENOX unit are well-known methods for PCDD/F reduction (22)(23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Gaseous Inhibitors on PCDD/F Formation

Ruokojärvi

Halonen

Tuppurainen

et al. 1998

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) from municipal waste incineration are currently a subject of considerable public concern because of their extreme toxicity. PCDD/F formation in incineration processes is being studied widely, but studies on inhibition are quite sparse, especially in a pilot-plant scale. In this work, the effect of four gaseous inhibitors (sulfur dioxide, ammonia, dimethylamine, and methyl mercaptan) on PCDD/PCDF formation in the combustion of liquid fuel was studied using a pilot-scale plant. The inhibitors were injected into the flue gas stream after the first economizer at a temperature of 670 °C and just before the second economizer at 410 °C. Both the chlorophenol and PCDD and PCDF concentrations decreased when inhibitors were added. Particle-phase PCDD/F concentrations in particular decreased by up to 98%. The results suggest that the formation of PCDD/Fs is hindered in the particle phase at the early stages of the PCDD/F formation chain, probably even before precursors such as chlorophenols have been formed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Gaseous Inhibitors on PCDD/F Formation

Ruokojärvi

Halonen

Tuppurainen

et al. 1998

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Note that while Table 3 presents an estimate of total emissions from municipal waste incinerators as of 1989, measured emissions at modern and welloperated incinerators are lower than this overall average. 17 For example, the baseline emission rate of the mass burn refractory wall incinerators, most of which are about twenty years old, is assumed to be 4000 ng/dscm (dscm = dry standard cubic meter). Because the traveling grate and grate/rotary kiln varieties are typically equipped with electrostatic precipitators operating at 500°F or higher (hot ESP), which has been shown to increase dioxin emissions by roughly 50%, these two varieties were estimated by the EPA to have a dioxin emission factor 50% higher than the baseline emissions of a refractory-wall combustion system.…”

Section: Consumer Waste Incinerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An estimation of dioxin emissions in the United States

Thomas

Spiro

1995

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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Total annual US air emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) from all known sources are estimated to be about 400 kilograms as of 1989, almost entirely from combustion sources. Municipal solid waste incineration is the largest known source of PCDD/Fs, as of 1989. The next largest sources include hospital waste incineration, forest and agricultural fires, and residential wood burning. Anthropogenic emissions of PCDD/Fs are estimated to be an order of magnitude greater than emissions of PCDD/Fs from forest fires. Dioxin emissions are shown to generally increase with the chlorine content of the combusted material, in the absence of effective pollution control systems. Dioxin emissions from 1940 and 1970 are also estimated. The estimates are verified through analysis of the concentrations of dioxin in soil, air, and sediments.

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