Control Basal Diets in Anemic Dogs

Self Cite

When blood plasma proteins are depleted by bleeding with return of the washed red blood cells (plasmapheresis) it is possible to bring dogs to a steady state of hypoproteinemia and a uniform plasma protein production on a basal low protein diet. These dogs are clinically normal. By the introduction of variables into their standardized existence insight into the formation of plasma proteins can be obtained. The liver basal diet maintains health in such hypoproteinemic dogs during periods as long as a year. 17 to 27 per cent of its protein content (entirely liver protein) is presumably converted into plasma protein. Gelatin alone added to the liver basal diet causes very little if any extra plasma protein production. The addition to gelatin of cystine, or tyrosine, or tryptophane, or of both tyrosine and tryptophane has little or no effect on its potency for plasma protein production. When gelatin is supplemented by cystine and either tryptophane or tyrosine, 25 to 40 per cent of the protein content of the combination is converted into plasma protein—an efficiency equaling that of any protein hitherto tested. Preliminary experiments indicate that methionine cannot substitute for cystine nor can phenylalanine substitute for tyrosine in the efficient combination of gelatin plus cystine plus tyrosine. Laked red blood cells given by vein afford little or no material for plasma protein formation. When the reserve stores of plasma protein building material are exhausted the dog can form little if any plasma protein during protein-free diet periods.

Section: Experimiental Observationssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Experimiental Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Plasma Protein Production as Influenced by Amino Acids

Madden

Noehren

Waraich

et al. 1939

Self Cite

“…Routine care of the animals, including methods of bleeding, determination of plasma and blood volume, and hemoglobin, as well as composition of diets has been described elsewhere (4,9).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dog 37-122, a large female English bull, weighing 19 kg., was operated upon to produce a bile fistula (sterile bag type (8) 1) and fed a diet of standard salmon bread (9). Dog bile was given daily.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactive Iron and Its Excretion in Urine, Bile, and Feces

Hahn

Bale

Hettig

et al. 1939

Self Cite

103

Recent experiments (3) in this laboratory gave clear evidence that the plethoric dog with all its iron stores well filled did not absorb radio-iron, in contrast to the anemic dog which took up such iron promptly and in considerable amounts from the intestinal tract. The transfer of the radioiron to new red blood cells in anemia is very rapid.The experiments tabulated below deal with excretion of radioactive iron after its intravenous injection as ferrous gluconate. It is generally accepted that the urine is not a factor in iron escape from the body and the radioactive iron shows this to be true in these experiments, except for a short period of iron excretion following the intravenous dose of iron.The feces contain a remarkably uniform amount of radioactive iron under these conditions. Except for a short initial period of accelerated excretion following the intravenous iron we observe a steady and low output of 0.05 to 0.40 rag. per day, the larger dogs eliminating more iron, somewhat in proportion to their weight.The bile contains but small amounts of radio-iron in these experiments in bile fistula dogs. The induction of blood destruction greatly increases this excretion. Obviously the capacity of the dog to eliminate iron is strictly limited under these conditions, and this fact is of importance when we attempt to visualize the metabolism of iron in the body.Iron balance studies have always been difficult and the results uncertain to a degree because of the inability to distinguish between excreted iron and dietary iron which was unabsorbed in the gastro-intestinal tract. Iron balance studies called for the use of diets very low in iron content and very accurate iron analysis to obtain significant results. Varied results and con-* Aided by funds from Eli Lilly and Company.

“…Care of these animals has been described elsewhere (3,8). The isotope was given mixed with food not less than 18 hours after the last meal and was immediately consumed in its entirety in every ease.…”

Section: Separation Of Copper For Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Cell and Plasma Radioactive Copper in Normal and Anemic Dogs

Yoshikawa

Hahn

Bale

1942

Following ingestion of radioactive copper by the dog, the metal appears quickly in the plasma, the concentration reaching its peak in from 2 to 5 hours, after which it falls abruptly. Demonstrable amounts are still present after 2 days. The radioactive copper likewise appears rapidly in the circulating red blood cells, and there is a slow but gradual increase in its concentration over a 2 day period. It is suggested by the data that in the animals in which hematopoietic activity is accelerated the uptake of radio-copper is somewhat more extensive. The possibility that this is due to greater adsorption by the new red cells in these instances is not ruled out.