Control and Management of Railway System Connected to Microgrid Stations

Abstract

The recent railway system is a huge microgrid assembling multiplex structure with distributed active loads, sources and storage devices. The active load represents the train. The sources are a microgrid based on renewable energies. The big problem of the most of electrical train is that they can't recover energy recovery during regenerative breaking phases. another problem of the electrical train is the long charging time from the stations. This paper suggests a techno-economic process for the energy storage by using SCs in the train, with the aim to reduce the energy consumptions. The proposed design of railway station use PV and wind sources, and batteries for energy storage system (ESS). For the train, SCs are implemented to the ESS where they are alimented breaking phases and from stations by a pantograph installed in an air power line in each stop. SCs are distinguished by high characteristics power and a wide number of charge/discharge cycles, they provide low particular energy and a fast charging time. An energy management approach is suggested to control the DC bus by voltage and the buck-boost converter by current. The Sizing of PI controller used for the stabilization of the DC bus of train and station is given. The whole system is modeled in MATLAB-Simulink. Simulations for the train and station show the suitability of the suggested powertrain and control strategy.INDEX TERMS Energy management, railway system control, energy storage system, supercapacitors. ZINEB CABRANE received the B.S. and master's degrees in electrical engineering from the Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Settat, Morocco, in 2010 and 2012, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the

A Battery Cell Equalisation System Based on a Supercapacitors Tank and DC–DC Converters for Automotive Applications

“…Eventually, these SCs applications show that they could be used as energy storage for battery cell equalisation, as suggested in [20]. In addition to this, considering the SCs' mature integration [10,11] and control in the EVs Battery-SCs energy storage [12][13][14], overall financial benefits [15,16], and fast charging abilities and energy fluctuation mitigation [17][18][19], it could be suggested that the SCs energy tank could be used as a part of the battery cell equalisation system [20] further developed to utilise the regenerative brake energy from the electric drivetrain.…”

“…The battery-SCs energy system efficiency could be improved by 16%, as suggested in [12], and the current throughput of the battery could be reduced by 30%. The same system's topology is used successfully in powerful renewable energy applications [14][15][16], leading to the mitigation of power fluctuation [14] and overall system cost minimisation [15]. Also, in a range of high-power applications, SCs energy tanks are used in the railway reverse recovery storage system with an installed power of 3.5 MW, accumulating an energy value of 210 MJ [16].…”

“…The same system's topology is used successfully in powerful renewable energy applications [14][15][16], leading to the mitigation of power fluctuation [14] and overall system cost minimisation [15]. Also, in a range of high-power applications, SCs energy tanks are used in the railway reverse recovery storage system with an installed power of 3.5 MW, accumulating an energy value of 210 MJ [16]. The system is based on bi-directional buck-boost converters, using the fast charge ability of the SCs, also depicted in [17] and relatively high efficiency proven in [18,19].…”

“…Despite the selected topology, one of the most critical sub-systems determining the overall system's efficiency and flexibility is the electronic converter, transferring the energy for the equalisation process. Therefore, the studied research results show that the power electronic unit topology selection and consecutively design and integration are of essential importance [13,16,20,[29][30][31][36][37][38][39][40].…”