Control and EMS of a Grid-Connected Microgrid with Economical Analysis

El-Hendawi, Mohamed; El-Saady, Gaber; Ibrahim, El-Nobi A.

doi:10.3390/en11010129

Cited by 55 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Consequently, the integration of RESs is the main challenge for the electrical industry and grid-connected RESs [1,2]. The penetration of various RESs in modern interconnected power systems may cause a significant reduction in system inertia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Inertia Control Application to Enhance Frequency Stability of Interconnected Power Systems with High Renewable Energy Penetration

2018

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Due to a rapid increase in the utilization of power converter-based renewable energy sources (RESs), the overall system inertia in an interconnected power system might be significantly reduced, increasing the vulnerability of the interconnected power system to the system instability. To overcome problems caused by the significant reduction in system inertia, this paper proposes a new application of virtual inertia control to improve frequency stability of the interconnected power system due to high penetration level of RESs. The derivative control technique is introduced for higher-level applications of virtual inertia emulation. Thus, the proposed virtual inertia control loop has a second-order characteristic, which provides a simultaneous enabling of damping and inertia emulations into the interconnected power system, enhancing frequency stability and resiliency. System modeling and simulation results are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink ® (R2016b, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA). Trajectory sensitivities are also performed to analyze the dynamic effects of virtual inertia control's parameters on the system stability. The effectiveness of the virtual inertia control concept on stability improvement is verified through a multi-area test system with high RESs penetration level for different contingencies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Inertia Control Application to Enhance Frequency Stability of Interconnected Power Systems with High Renewable Energy Penetration

2018

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“…The biggest challenge comes from the intermittent nature of renewable DGs, namely the unpredictable nature and stochastic generation. By appropriate daily scheduling of units in MGs and minimizing the risks of dependency on the grid, MG owners and investors can schedule the renewable DGs to maximize their profits, while ensuring higher levels of energy security and reliability [16]. Since the profit may be at risk due to uncertain renewable DGs in scenario-based stochastic programs, risk assessment, which is crucial in optimization under uncertainty, can provide valuable information to decision makers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimal Scheduling Dispatch of a Microgrid under Risk Assessment

Lin

Yang

et al. 2018

Energies

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This paper presents the scheduling dispatch of a microgrid (MG), while considering renewable energy, battery storage systems, and time-of-use price. For the risk evaluation of an MG, the Value-at-Risk (VAR) is calculated by using the Historical Simulation Method (HSM). By considering the various confidence levels of the VAR, a scheduling dispatch model of the MG is formulated to achieve a reasonable trade-off between the risk and cost. An Improved Bee Swarm Optimization (IBSO) is proposed to solve the scheduling dispatch model of the MG. In the IBSO procedure, the Sin-wave Weight Factor (SWF) and Forward-Backward Control Factor (FBCF) are embedded in the bee swarm of the BSO to improve the movement behaviors of each bee, specifically, its search efficiency and accuracy. The effectiveness of the IBSO is demonstrated via a real MG case and the results are compared with other methods. In either a grid-connected scenario or a stand-alone scenario, an optimal scheduling dispatch of MGs is carried out, herein, at various confidence levels of risk. The simulation results provide more information for handling uncertain environments when analyzing the VAR of MGs.

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“…Sustainability 2020, 12, 122 2 of 27 has been an approach to develop a fast proactive hybrid DC circuit breaker which interrupts the DC fault [5]. As another approach to enhance the reliability, the DC-link voltage (DCV) control method has been presented for MG by the conventional centralized power flow control strategy [6].Depending on the types of bus voltage, MGs can be mainly classified into DC microgrids (DCMGs), AC microgrids (ACMGs), and hybrid AC/DC microgrids [7]. Among them, DCMGs are known to be more attractive due to several advantages as compared with the other configurations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the types of bus voltage, MGs can be mainly classified into DC microgrids (DCMGs), AC microgrids (ACMGs), and hybrid AC/DC microgrids [7]. Among them, DCMGs are known to be more attractive due to several advantages as compared with the other configurations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An Improved Power Management Strategy for MAS-Based Distributed Control of DC Microgrid under Communication Network Problems

Nguyen

Kim

2019

Sustainability

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In this paper, an improved power management strategy (PMS) for multi-agent system (MAS)-based distributed control of DC microgrid (DCMG) under communication network problems is presented in order to enhance the reliability of DCMG and to ensure the system power balance under various conditions. To implement MAS-based distributed control, a communication network is constructed to exchange information among agents. Based on the information obtained from communication and local measurements, the decision for the local controller and communication is optimally given to guarantee the system power balance under various conditions. The operating modes of the agents can be determined locally without introducing any central controller. Simultaneously, the agents can operate in a deliberative and cooperative manner to ensure global optimization by means of the communication network. Furthermore, to prevent the system power imbalance caused by the delay in grid fault detection and communication in case of the grid fault, a DC-link voltage (DCV) restoration algorithm is proposed in this study. In addition, to avoid the conflict in the DCV control among power agents in case of the grid recovery under communication failure, a grid recovery identification algorithm is also proposed to improve the reliability of DCMG operation. In this scheme, a special current pattern is generated on the DC-link at the instant of the grid recovery by the grid agent, and other power agents identify the grid recovery by detecting this current pattern. Comprehensive simulations and experiments based on DCMG testbed have been carried out to prove the effectiveness of the PMS and the proposed control schemes under various conditions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 122 2 of 27 has been an approach to develop a fast proactive hybrid DC circuit breaker which interrupts the DC fault [5]. As another approach to enhance the reliability, the DC-link voltage (DCV) control method has been presented for MG by the conventional centralized power flow control strategy [6].Depending on the types of bus voltage, MGs can be mainly classified into DC microgrids (DCMGs), AC microgrids (ACMGs), and hybrid AC/DC microgrids [7]. Among them, DCMGs are known to be more attractive due to several advantages as compared with the other configurations. DCMGs provide a convenient interface in connecting various DC loads and operate with better efficiency in transmission and distribution. Moreover, the consideration for the harmonic injection and frequency stability is not necessary. As a result, DCMGs can be considered as an efficient, reliable, and cost-effective option in some applications [8].In view of the communication perspective, the control of DCMGs can be divided into three methods: centralized control, decentralized control, and distributed control [9]. In centralized control, the data from distributed power units are collected in a central controller (CC). Then, the CC processes the acquired data to send the feedback commands back to units via digital communication links (...

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Control and EMS of a Grid-Connected Microgrid with Economical Analysis

Cited by 55 publications

References 32 publications

Virtual Inertia Control Application to Enhance Frequency Stability of Interconnected Power Systems with High Renewable Energy Penetration

Virtual Inertia Control Application to Enhance Frequency Stability of Interconnected Power Systems with High Renewable Energy Penetration

An Optimal Scheduling Dispatch of a Microgrid under Risk Assessment

An Improved Power Management Strategy for MAS-Based Distributed Control of DC Microgrid under Communication Network Problems

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