Control and challenge of COVID-19: lessons from China’s experience

Zhu, Na; Tan, Wenjie

doi:10.1152/ajplung.00412.2021

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The contour plot reveals an interesting issue in that the degree of social distancing, proportion of personal preventative hygiene habits, the proportion of asymptomatic cases conducting self‐testing per day, duration of vaccine protection, and coverage of oral antiviral medications can be adjusted to meet certain conditions to reduce the total number of infections and deaths. We found alternatives to restrictive interventions, such as encouraging people to change their personal hygiene habits (mask wearing and hand washing) and take antigen self‐testing frequently, reduces the total number of deaths caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic 44,45 . For instance, as is shown in a systematic review and meta‐analysis, wearing masks was significantly associated with a reduced risk of COVID‐19 infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.38, 0.21–0.69), especially for the health care workers group (reducing risk of infection by nearly 70%) 46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…We found alternatives to restrictive interventions, such as encouraging people to change their personal hygiene habits (mask wearing and hand washing) and take antigen self-testing frequently, reduces the total number of deaths caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. 44,45 For instance, as is shown in a systematic review and meta-analysis, wearing masks was significantly associated with a reduced risk of COVID-19 infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.38, 0.21-0.69), especially for the health care workers group (reducing risk of infection by nearly 70%). 46 The effect of a combination of multiple NPIs in scenario analysis is promising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Impact of combination preventative interventions on hospitalization and death under the pandemic of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant in China

Lin¹,

Wu²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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With a large population most susceptible to Omicron and emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, China faces uncertain scenarios if reopening its border. Thus, we aimed to predict the impact of combination preventative interventions on hospitalization and death. An age‐stratified susceptible‐infectious‐quarantined‐hospitalized‐removed‐susceptible (SIQHRS) model based on the new guidelines of COVID‐19 diagnosis and treatment (the ninth edition) was constructed to simulate the transmission dynamics of Omicron within 365 days. At baseline, we assumed no interventions other than 60% booster vaccination in individuals aged ≤60 years and 80% in individuals aged >60 years, quarantine and hospitalization. Oral antiviral medications for COVID‐19 and nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as social distancing and antigen self‐testing were considered in subsequent scenarios. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to reflect different levels of interventions. A total of 0.73 billion cumulative quarantines (95% CI 0.53–0.83), 33.59 million hospitalizations (22.41–39.31), and 0.62 million deaths (0.40–0.75) are expected in 365 days. The case fatality rate with pneumonia symptoms (moderate, severe and critical illness) is expected to be 1.83% (1.68–1.99%) and the infected fatality rate is 0.38‰ (0.33–0.4‰). The highest existing hospitalization and ICU occupations are 3.11 (0.30–3.85) and 20.33 (2.01–25.20) times of capacity, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that interventions can be adjusted to meet certain conditions to reduce the total number of infections and deaths. In conclusion, after sufficient respiratory and ICU beds are prepared and the relaxed NPIs are in place, the SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant would not seriously impact the health system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of combination preventative interventions on hospitalization and death under the pandemic of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant in China

Lin¹,

Wu²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…68 The policy of early detection, early reporting, early isolation/quarantine, and early treatment used in China had been effective to control the COVID-19 infection. 69 The majority of world’s population lags far behind to implement such policies in response to an outbreak.…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox Virus and Other Emerging Outbreaks: An Overview and Future Perspective

Hamdana,

Mohsin,

Habib Tharwani

et al. 2023

INQUIRY

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Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic disease caused by the MPX virus from the poxviridae family of orthopoxviruses. Typically, endemic in central and west Africa, it has now become a matter of concern since cases have been reported in non-endemic countries around mid-June 2022, especially in the European region, with the transmission not related to travel. The diagnosis is made by PCR testing of the skin lesions. Even though treatment is symptomatic, antiretrovirals, such as tecovirimat, are used in severe cases. Vaccination with second and third generation vaccines is approved for prophylaxis in high risk individuals. Unfortunately, these options of treatment and prevention are only available in high income countries at the moment. This review, through a thorough literature search of articles from 2017 onward, focuses on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, challenges, treatment, prevention and control of MPX virus and how they can be corelated with other viral outbreaks including COVID-19, Acute Hepatitis of unknown origin, Measles and Dengue, to better predict and therefore prevent its transmission. The previous COVID-19 pandemic increased the disease burden on healthcare infrastructure of low-middle income countries, therefore, this recent MPX outbreak calls for a joint effort from healthcare authorities, political figures, and NGOs to combat the disease and prevent its further spread not only in high income but also in middle- and low-income countries.

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“…In addition, NPIs have been reported to disrupt the typical seasonality of influenza and other common respiratory pathogens in the United States and Australia, leading to an out‐of‐season or off‐season epidemic 10,11 . In China, the introduction of a combination of comprehensive NPIs and large‐scale polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based testing were important factors of success in containing the spread of COVID‐19 12,13 . In the last 3 years, NPIs were the common measures used in the “Dynamic COVID‐zero” strategy to deal with COVID‐19 outbreaks in China when the population immunity barrier was not yet established in the face of the continued risk of foreign importation and high transmission of variants 14,15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11 In China, the introduction of a combination of comprehensive NPIs and large-scale polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based testing were important factors of success in containing the spread of COVID-19. 12,13 In the last 3 years, NPIs were the common measures used in the "Dynamic COVID-zero" strategy to deal with COVID-19 outbreaks in China when the population immunity barrier was not yet established in the face of the continued risk of foreign importation and high transmission of variants. 14,15 One previous study found that respiratory diseases were very sensitive to NPIs and were largely interrupted between February and August 2020 in China, when the most stringent NPIs were in effect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Change from low to out‐of‐season epidemics of influenza in China during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A time series study

Cao

Guo

Liu

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Nonpharmaceutical interventions to limit the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic might reduce the transmission of influenza viruses and disrupt the typical seasonality of influenza. However, changes in epidemiology and seasonal patterns of influenza remain unknown in China during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data on influenza‐like illness (ILI) and influenza cases between surveillance Week 14 in 2010 and Week 6 in 2023 and ILI outbreaks between Week 14 in 2013 and Week 6 in 2023 were collected from the weekly reports of the Chinese National Influenza Center. A total of 32 10 735 ILI specimens were tested between Week 14 in 2010 and Week 6 in 2023 in China, with 12.4% of specimens positive for influenza. The influenza‐positive percentage ranged from 11.8% to 21.1% in southern China and 9.5% to 19.5% in northern China between the 2010/2011 and 2019/2020 influenza seasons. The influenza‐positive percentage was 0.7% in southern China and 0.2% in northern China in the 2020/2021 season. An increasing trend in influenza‐positive percentage was observed in southern China in Weeks 18–27 in the 2022/2023 season, with a peak of 37.3%. A total of 768 ILI outbreaks reported in southern China in Weeks 14–26 in the 2022/2023 season were much more than those in the same period in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 seasons. In summary, seasonal influenza shifted from low to out‐of‐season epidemics during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China, especially in southern China. Influenza vaccination and everyday preventive actions, such as mask wearing, appropriate air exchange, and good hand hygiene practices, are essential for the prevention of influenza virus infection during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

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Control and challenge of COVID-19: lessons from China’s experience

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Impact of combination preventative interventions on hospitalization and death under the pandemic of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant in China

Impact of combination preventative interventions on hospitalization and death under the pandemic of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant in China

Monkeypox Virus and Other Emerging Outbreaks: An Overview and Future Perspective

Change from low to out‐of‐season epidemics of influenza in China during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A time series study

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