Control and Analysis of an Integrated Bidirectional DC/AC and DC/DC Converters for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications

Abstract

The plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are specialized hybrid electric vehicles that have the potential to obtain enough energy for average daily commuting from batteries. The PHEV battery would be recharged from the power grid at home or at work and would thus allow for a reduction in the overall fuel consumption. This paper proposes an integrated power electronics interface for PHEVs, which consists of a novel Eight-Switch Inverter (ESI) and an interleaved DC/DC converter, in order to reduce the cost, the mass and the size of the power electronics unit (PEU) with high performance at any operating mode. In the proposed configuration, a novel Eight-Switch Inverter (ESI) is able to function as a bidirectional single-phase AC/DC battery charger/ vehicle to grid (V2G) and to transfer electrical energy between the DC-link (connected to the battery) and the electric traction system as DC/AC inverter. In addition, a bidirectional-interleaved DC/DC converter with dual-loop controller is proposed for interfacing the ESI to a low-voltage battery pack in order to minimize the ripple of the battery current and to improve the efficiency of the DC system with lower inductor size. To validate the performance of the proposed configuration, the indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to optimize the efficiency of the AC drive system in PHEVs. The maximum efficiency of the motor is obtained by the evaluation of optimal rotor flux at any operating point, where the PSO is applied to evaluate the optimal flux. Moreover, an improved AC/DC controller based Proportional-Resonant Control (PRC) is proposed in order to reduce the THD of the input current in charger/V2G modes. The proposed configuration is analyzed and its performance is validated using simulated results obtained in MATLAB/ SIMULINK. Furthermore, it is experimentally validated with results obtained from the prototypes that have been developed and built in the laboratory based on TMS320F2808 DSP.

Design and Analysis of Generic Energy Management Strategy for Controlling Second-Life Battery Systems in Stationary Applications

“…As a rule, the energy management concepts can be categorized into two main types: (1) rule-based; and (2) optimization-based energy management concepts [15][16][17][18]. These concepts are well suited for real-time applications.…”

A Phase Current Reconstruction Technique Using a Single Current Sensor for Interleaved Three-phase Bidirectional Converters

“…Eq. (1) shows that the dc-link current can be represented by the combinations of the switching functions and the phase current. It means that each phase current can be reconstructed from i dc as long as the switching function is known.…”

“…Multi-phase interleaved dc-dc converters have been popularly employed in many power conversion applications such as automotive bidirectional battery chargers, renewable energy interface converters, computer power supplies, and so on [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. One of the well-known problems of the multiphase dc-dc converter is that each phase's current can be different under their operation, and this current imbalance may deteriorate the efficiency and the stability of the multiphase converter.…”

Design and Implementation of Modified Current Source Based Hybrid DC - DC Converters for Electric Vehicle Applications

“…If current suddenly changes it means that the operating voltage takes some time to reach its final equilibrium value. The double layer capacitance charging can be obtained by the Equation as follows, (10) (11) This dynamic model of PEM fuel cell is depicted by the transient's voltage, cell temperature, hydrogen/oxygen input and output flow rates and cathode/anode channel temperatures and pressures under sudden change in load current. The operating condition of fuel cell is reduced at the higher values of input variables and voltage losses.…”

“…An improved AC/DC controller based Proportional-Resonant Control (PRC) is purposed in order to reduce the THD of the input current in charger/V2G modes. In this survey the combination of different energy storage system used to achieve a better performance and the concept of hybrid energy storage systems are discussed [10][11][12].…”