Contributions to the reproductive biology of encrasicholina punctifer Fowler, 1938 (engraulidae) from West Sumatra, Indonesia

Pattern of oocyte development and batch fecundity in the Mediterranean sardine

“…Size separation of the spawning batch prior to hydration combined with large interspawning interval is also reported for other multiple spawning species like L. litulon (which spawns once every one or more months; Yoneda et al, 2001) and S. canaliculatus (which spawns every 26-30 days; Hoque et al, 1999). On the other hand, in species like nehu (Encrasicholina purpurea), which may spawn every other day (Clarke, 1987), the spawning batch is closely followed by subsequent oocyte batches and does not separate in size but at hydration (Maack and George, 1999).…”

“…In all sardine and anchovy species and subspecies studied so far (e.g. Sardina pilchardus pilchardus: Andreu and Pinto, 1957;Quintanilla and Pérez, 2000; Sardinops sagax: Claramunt and Herrera, 1994;Macewicz et al, 1996;Sardinops melanostictus: Matsuura et al, 1991;Murayama et al, 1994;Sardinops ocellata: Le Clus, 1979;Sardinella brasiliensis: Isaac-Nahum et al, 1988;Engraulis mordax: Hunter et al, 1985;Engraulis capensis: Melo, 1994; Engraulis japonicus: Imai and Tanaka, 1994;Encrasicholina heteroloba: Wright, 1992; Encrasicholina punctifer: Maack and George, 1999) females are multiple spawners exhibiting indeterminate annual fecundity and continuous oocyte size-frequency distribution, except in hydrated ovaries where a clear size separation between the hydrated and non-hydrated oocytes is established. As a corollary, the method of choice in assessing batch fecundity in these species is the 'hydrated oocyte method' (Hunter et al, 1985).…”

A re-evaluation of the spawning fraction estimation procedures for Bay of Biscay anchovy, a species with short interspawning intervals

“…Therefore, the high spawning frequencies found for the Bay of Biscay anchovy are compatible with the biology of Engraulidae and Clupeidae. Many of these species can be considered as "income breeders" which obtain the required energy to sustain high spawning frequencies from feeding prior to and during the spawning period (Clarke, 1987;Ganias, 2009;Luo and Musick, 1991;Maack and George, 1999;Somarakis, 2005;Somarakis et al, 2000;Wang and Houde, 1994).…”

Age composition, growth, and reproductive biology of yellow catfish (Peltobagrus fulvidraco, Bagridae) in Ce Lake of Hubei Province, Central China

“…Following Keys formula, the relationship between total weight (W, g) and total length (L, mm) is typically expressed as W=aL b (a, b indicate constants; Maack and George 1999). Based on data pooled from the whole year, the length-weight exponential relationship of P. fulvidraco was shown in Fig.…”