Contributions to characterization of poly(vinyl chloride)–lignin blends

Abstract

The present study evaluates the impact of blending organosolv and kraft lignins, which are natural polymer by-products in the pulp and paper industry, with plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in flooring formulations. Also examined is the impact of replacing dioctyl phthalate, a PVC industry general-purpose plasticizer, with diethylene glycol dibenzoate (Benzoflex 2-45), tricresyl phosphate (Lindol), or alkyl sulfonic phenyl ester (Mesamoll) in these formulations. The influence of the different types of lignins and plasticizers on the processibility, thermal, and mechanical properties of the blends is discussed. These properties demonstrate that partial replacement of PVC (20 parts) with different lignins is feasible for some formulations that can be successfully used as matrices for a high level of calcium carbonate filler in flooring products. In addition, the data demonstrate that the presence of certain plasticizers, which interfere with the intramolecular interactions existing in lignins, may allow the lignin molecules to have more molecular mobility. The morphology and the properties of PVC plasticized lignin blends are strongly influenced by the degree and mode of the lignin plasticization and its dispersion within the PVC matrix.

Esterification of Condensed Tannins and Their Impact on the Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)

“…In the case of adding unmodified tannin, this had a contrasting effect, stiffening PLA with increased MOE values at higher tannin contents (3915 MPa). This result indicates the native tannin likely acts as a filler, as observed with unmodified lignins in PLA [6,7]. The flexural strength decreased upon addition of all tannin esters compared with PLA (133 MPa).…”

“…Plastic additives contribute a range of functionality and processability to plastics including plasticization, nucleation, flame retardancy, heat stability and impact modification [3]. Research evaluating bio-derived plastic additives has included fermentation products [4] and modified vegetable oils [5] to those based on polyphenols such as lignin [6,7]. In contrast, use of polyphenolic tannins remains relatively unexplored with few examples of these compounds blended with plastics [8][9][10].…”

Competitive Interactions in Aromatic Polymer/Lignosulfonate Blends

“…This problem might be overcome by better dispersion than that achieved in the blends produced in this study or by the modification of lignin through functionalization or plasticization as suggested by some authors [30][31][32]. Functionalization with more apolar moieties decreases the interaction among lignin molecules, but also those formed with other polymers.…”

“…A considerable number of papers have been published on the blends of lignin with a wide range of polymers including proteins [10][11][12], starch [13][14][15], polyolefins [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], vinyl polymers 4 [18,19,21,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and polyesters [19,21,22,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. The chemical modification of lignin [10,14,16,[20][21][22]27,29,36,40,…”

Controlled Pesticide Release from Porous Composite Hydrogels Based on Lignin and Polyacrylic Acid

“…For the purpose of environmental protection and a favorable use of waste, lignin applications are being developed. Lignin can be used as a compatibilizer, plasticizer, or stabilizer (Banu et al 2006;Henry et al 2012;Narapakdeesakul et al 2013). Lignin can also be used to form composites with other materials, thereby modifying their properties.…”